Module 08: Complications of Labor and Delivery Flashcards
This is characterized as an abnormal, long, or difficult labor and delivery.
DYSTOCIA
Dysfunctional labor is related to abnormalities of the following critical factors:
(A) Psyche
(B) Passageway
(C) Powers
(D) Passenger
This is defined as the force of labor or the forces acting to expel the fetus and the placenta.
POWER
This is characterized as the involuntary uterine muscular contractions causing complete effacement and dilatation of the cervix (during the fist stage of labor).
PRIMARY FORCE
Under power, this is characterized as the use of abdominal muscles to push during the second stage of labor (voluntary bearing down).
SECONDARY FORCE
What are the three phases of contractions?
(A) Increment
(B) Acme
(C) Decrement
Contractions during labor are characterized based on what?
(A) Frequency
(B) Duration
(C) Intensity
(D) Bearing down
This is known as the time between the beginning of one contraction and the beginning of the next contraction.
FREQUENCY
This is known as the time from the beginning of the contraction to the completion of that same contraction.
DURATION
The strength (intensity of a contraction) is measured during which phase of contractions?
ACME
This is known as the strength of the contraction during acme.
INTENSITY
Under this type of intensity, the uterine wall can be indented easily.
MILD INTENSITY
Under this type of intensity, the uterine wall cannot be indented.
STRONG INTENSITY
Under this type of intensity, the condition of the uterus falls between the said two ranges (milld and strong).
MODERATE INTENSITY
This occurs when the maternal abdominal muscles contract as the women pushes. This pushing action then aids in the expulsion of the fetus and the placenta.
BEARING DOWN
What happens to the cervix when “bearing down” occurs and it is not yet fully dilated?
It can cause cervical edema, tearing and bruising of the cervix, and maternal exhaustion.
This condition refers to infrequent uterine contractions, occurring only 2-3 times in 10 minutes, with a resting tone of <10 mmHg and strength not exceeding 25 mmHg.
HYPOTONIC CONTRACTIONS
What is another term for hypotonic uterine contractions?
UTERINE INERTIA
What is the resting tone and strength of the uterus during hypotonic contractions?
<10 mmHg and the strength does not rise above 25 mmHg
What are the causes of hypotonic contractions related to uterine overstretching?
(A) Large Baby (Macrosomia)
(B) Multiple babies
(C) Polyhydramnios
(D) Multiple parity
What are the three (3) causes of hypotonic contractions?
(A) Overstretching of the uterus
(B) Bowel or bladder distention preventing descent
(C) Excessive use of analgesia
What are the different signs and symptoms of hypotonic uterine inertia?
(A) Weak or mild contractions
(B) Infrequent (every 10 to 15 minutes) and brief
(C) Can be easily indented with fingertip pressure at peak of contraction
(D) Prolonged active phase
(E) Maternal exhaustion
(F) Psychological trauma (frustrated)
This is a graph that shows how cervical dilation and labor progress over time.
FRIEDMAN’S GRAPH (CURVE)
What are some therapeutic interventions for hypotonic contractions?
(A) Ambulation
(B) Nipple stimulation (releases endogenous Pitocin)
(C) Enema (warmth may stimulate contractions)
(D) Labor augmentation with Pitocin
(E) Amniotomy