Mods 26-27 Flashcards
learning
the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus
Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov spent two decades studying dogs’ digestive system and earned the Nobel Prize. His experiments on learning produced the phenomenon we call classical conditioning.
stimulus
any event or situation that evokes a response.
respondent behavior
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.
John B. Watson
founding father of the behavioral perspective.
classical conditioning
a type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli; as a result, to illustrate with Pavlov’s classic experiment, the first stimulus (the tone) comes to elicit behavior (drooling) in anticipation of the second stimulus (food).
behaviorism
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
neutral stimulus
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.
unconditioned response
in classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to the unconditioned stimulus (such as food in the mouth).
unconditioned stimulus
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally– naturally and automatically– triggers a response.
conditioned response
in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus.
conditioned stimulus
in classical conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.
acquisition
in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.
extinction
the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.