Modern Mortality Regimes 2 : Chemotherapy Flashcards
Who is the mechanism ‘pasteurisation’ named after?
Louis Pasteur
How was pasteurisation discovered?
- Napoleon III requests Louis Pasteur to find out why wine can go ‘off’ i.e. taste sour
- Pasteur identifies small organisms under the microscope and hypothesises they are the responsible for sourness!
- Tries experimenting with temperature and finds 55C ideal for killing sour taste
What was Robert Koch’s role in birthing the Germ Theory?
- Local sheep were contaminated with anthrax
- He inoculated infected tissue in sheep eye balls (to grow lots of bacteria)
- Took bacteria and gave to mice
- This lead to disease and death
What is a nanometer (nm) in meters?
10-9 meter
What is a micrometer (um) in meters?
10-6 m
What is a millimeter (mm) in meters?
10-3 m
List the 6 types of infections.
- Parasitic
- Fungal
- Protozoa
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Prions
What are the two classes that bacteria can be divided into?
Gram-positive and Gram-negative.
What are the characteristics of a Gram-positive cell wall?
- Thicker cell wall, so hold onto more Gram stain
- Appear purple under microscope
What are the characteristics of a Gram-negative cell wall?
- Thin cell wall, so hold onto less stain
- Appear pink under microscope
What are the two main shapes of bacteria?
- Cocci = spherical
- Bacilli = rods
Define a bactericidal agent.
Agent that kills the microorganism.
Define a bacteriostatic agent.
Agent that stops the growth.
List a few natural antibacterial agents.
- Ginger
- Honey
- Turmeric
What are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)?
A class of small peptides that are an important part of the innate immune system.
