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Shanky > Modern India 1 - Advent of Europeans > Flashcards

Modern India 1 - Advent of Europeans Flashcards

0
Q

Name the important city that acted as buffer zone for the trade between orient and the west

A

Constantinople

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1
Q

Trade between the orient and the west was done through how many different routes?

A

2

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2
Q

Who prohibited the Europeans from entering Constantinople in 1453 ?

A

The Ottoman Turks

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3
Q

Which event created the necessity of discovering the all sea route to India?

A

The Europeans were not allowed to enter Constantinople by the ottoman Turks in 1453 , this created the need to discover an all sea route to India.

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4
Q

Who were the first to plunge into action with regard to the discovery of the all sea route to India?

A

Portuguese

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5
Q

Which Portuguese King was a great navigator?

A

King Henry II was a great navigator and encouraged other navigators in this regard.

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6
Q

Name the people who set out to discover and reach India through all sea route

A
  1. Barthaloma Dieuez
  2. Christopher Columbus
  3. Vasco da gama
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7
Q

Write a note on Barthaloma Dieuez’s expedition to India

A

He reached the southernmost tip of Africa in 1484 and later returned to Lisbon leaving his expedition incomplete due to the torrential weather .

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8
Q

Write a note on Columbus’s expedition to India

A

Columbus also reached the southernmost tip of Africa and later when he set sail for India his ship got caught in a storm and lost its way which led him to travel in the wrong direction and discover America instead.

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9
Q

Write a note on Vasco Da Gama’s expedition to India

A

VDG successfully reached India in 1498 . He reached Kappad near Calicut.

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10
Q

Who welcomed Vasco Da Gama in India

A

VDG was welcomed by Raja Manu Vikrama Verma , the Zamorin of Calicut .

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11
Q

Who renamed the southernmost tip of Africa to ‘Cape of good hope’?

A

King James II of Portugal.

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12
Q

What was the original name of Cape of good hope?

A

Cape of cyclones

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13
Q

Who became the first person to cross the equator during the course of his expedition

A

Barthaloma Dieuez

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14
Q

Who was the second Portuguese navigator to successfully reach India ?

A

Henry Cabrel

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15
Q

When did VDG visit India for the second time?

A

1502 , and Vasco Da Gama also killed Raja Manu Vikrama Verma and his commander Kunjali Markar.

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16
Q

Where did the Portuguese establish their first trade centre at ?

A

Cochin in 1503.

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17
Q

Where did the Portuguese construct their first port at?

A

Cochin

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18
Q

What subsequently happened to Vasco Da Gama?

A

He died in Cochin and was later buried at Lisbon.

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19
Q

Who was the first Portuguese governor to India?

A

Francisco de Almeida.

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20
Q

What policy was followed by Francisco de Almeida?

A

Blue water policy which had to do with supremacy over seas.

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21
Q

Who was the second Portuguese governor to India

A

Alfonso de Albequrque

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22
Q

Who was known as the Father of Portuguese trade empire in India?

A

Francisco de Albequrque , the second Portuguese governor to India.

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23
Q

Few noteworthy points about Alfonso de Albequrque

A
  1. Second Portuguese governor to India.
  2. Encouraged Portuguese women to marry locals .
  3. He was involved in forcible conversions
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24
Q

Under which Portuguese governor were Goa, basain and solsati captured ?

A

Alfonso de Albequrque

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25
Q

The Portuguese were patroned by which local rulers ?

A

The Mughals

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26
Q

At which places did the Portuguese establish their trade centres at in the east coast?

A

Hoogli and Machalipatnam.

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27
Q

Who were the first to issue trade licenses in India and what were these licenses called?

A

Portuguese were the first to issue trade licenses in India and they were called Cartez.

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28
Q

What were the Portuguese mainly interested in India ?

A

Spices

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29
Q

What are JHUNKERS?

A

Indian ships that mastered navigating western seas.

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30
Q

DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY

A

It was established in 1602.

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31
Q

What was the speciality of the Dutch east India company?

A

It was a very powerful company under the direct supervision of the Dutch royal household.

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32
Q

Where did the Dutch establish their trade centres at?

A
  1. Chinsura
  2. Hoogli
  3. Nagapattinam
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33
Q

Where was the Dutch headquarters in India located at?

A

Nagapattinam

34
Q

What were the Dutch mainly interested in ?

A

Indigo

35
Q

What were the major indigo production centres at that time?

A

Sartaz , Bayana , Agra and Allahabad.

36
Q

What was Dutch trade referred to as?

A

Dutch trade was referred to as Batalian trade.

37
Q

Against whom was the Amboyana massacre committed against and what was its result?

A

The Dutch committed the Amboyana massacre against the British in Indonesia and as a result the Britishers were driven out of Indonesia.

38
Q

The Dutch EIC became the ________ colonial company in trade.

A

Richest

39
Q

BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY .

A

Thomas Stephens was the first British traveller to visit India .

40
Q

Who was the first British traveler to visit India?

A

Thomas Stephens

41
Q

Which Britisher wrote a grammar book for Konkani language?

A

Thomas Stephens

42
Q

Name the two persons who visited Agra and akbar’s court?

A

Ralph pitch and John Middenhall

43
Q

What was the British EIC established as ?

A

The British east India company was established as Joint Stock exchange company with 24 members in 1600 .

44
Q

In which company did the British queen later acquire membership in?

A

British East India Company

45
Q

Who captained the first British expedition?

A

Sir James Lancaster captained the first British expedition.

46
Q

Where did the first British expedition reach?

A

The first British expedition reached Indonesia .

47
Q

What was the name of the first trade centre of the Britishers in Asia

A

Bantom

48
Q

Who captained the second British expedition?

A

Sir Henry Middleton

49
Q

Where did the second British expedition finally reach?

A

Indonesia

50
Q

Who captained the third British expedition?

A

Captain William Hawkins

51
Q

Which Mughal emperor denied Captain Hawkins permission to establish a trade centre in India?

A

Jehangir

52
Q

Jehangir permitted ___________ to establish there trade centre in year 1613.

A

Sir Thomas Rowe

53
Q

Where did the British establish their first trade centre at?

A

Surat in 1613

54
Q

Which Britisher later received Jehangir’s order in the form of Golden Farman?

A

Sir John Surman.

55
Q

What was the name of the first British fort in India and where was it built at ?

A

Fort St. George at Chennapattinam in 1639.

56
Q

Which place did the British develop as their west coast headquarters by 1670s?

A

Bombay

57
Q

With whose efforts was Bombay developed as Britishers west coast headquarters?

A

Sir Henry Oxenford

58
Q

Which British official attended Sivaji’s coronation?

A

Sir Henry Oxenford

59
Q

Which company official was responsible for developing Calcutta?

A

Job Charnok

60
Q

Name the places that were merged to develop the city of Calcutta?

A

Kalighatta, Sutanauthi and Gobindapur.

61
Q

Which was the second fort constructed by the Britishers?

A

Fort St. William at Calcutta.

62
Q

Name the British fort at Cuddalore

A

Fort St. David

63
Q

Name the place where the British had their only trade centre at in Kerala

A

Cannanore

64
Q

DANES

A

Danish east India company was established in 1618.

65
Q

When was the Danish EIC established in India

A

1618

66
Q

Where did the Danes open their first trading centre in India at?

A

Tranquebar in Tamil Nadu

67
Q

Where was the other Danish trade centre located at ?

A

Serampore in West Bengal

68
Q

After the Danes shut shop in India as traders , what were they involved in?

A

Missionary activities

69
Q

FRENCH EIC

A

Established in 1664

70
Q

When was the French EIC established in India at?

A

1664

71
Q

Who was responsible for establishment of FEIC ?

A

Jean Colbert

72
Q

Who was Jean Colbert

A

FM of France

Known as “Financial wizard of Europe “

His views were called Colbertism.

73
Q

The French EIC was a pure _________ company.

A

Government

74
Q

Where did the French establish their first centre at and in which year?

A

Surat in 1668.

75
Q

Which French governor got permission from Aurangajeb to establish trade centre at Surat?

A

Francois Caron.

76
Q

French later established their trade centre at which place in West Bengal?

A

Chandranagore

77
Q

Which place was developed as Pondicherry?

A

Valiyagondapuram

78
Q

Which French governor was responsible for developing Pondicherry

A

Francois Martin

79
Q

French also had trade centres at Y_____ and M______

A

Yanam and Mahe

80
Q

Name the places where all the European companies that came to India had their trade centres at

A

Surat and Machalipatnam

81
Q

Who were the first to come but last to leave India

A

Portuguese

82
Q

Who were the last to come but first to leave India

A

French

Shanky (23 decks)

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