Modern India 1 - Advent of Europeans Flashcards
Name the important city that acted as buffer zone for the trade between orient and the west
Constantinople
Trade between the orient and the west was done through how many different routes?
2
Who prohibited the Europeans from entering Constantinople in 1453 ?
The Ottoman Turks
Which event created the necessity of discovering the all sea route to India?
The Europeans were not allowed to enter Constantinople by the ottoman Turks in 1453 , this created the need to discover an all sea route to India.
Who were the first to plunge into action with regard to the discovery of the all sea route to India?
Portuguese
Which Portuguese King was a great navigator?
King Henry II was a great navigator and encouraged other navigators in this regard.
Name the people who set out to discover and reach India through all sea route
- Barthaloma Dieuez
- Christopher Columbus
- Vasco da gama
Write a note on Barthaloma Dieuez’s expedition to India
He reached the southernmost tip of Africa in 1484 and later returned to Lisbon leaving his expedition incomplete due to the torrential weather .
Write a note on Columbus’s expedition to India
Columbus also reached the southernmost tip of Africa and later when he set sail for India his ship got caught in a storm and lost its way which led him to travel in the wrong direction and discover America instead.
Write a note on Vasco Da Gama’s expedition to India
VDG successfully reached India in 1498 . He reached Kappad near Calicut.
Who welcomed Vasco Da Gama in India
VDG was welcomed by Raja Manu Vikrama Verma , the Zamorin of Calicut .
Who renamed the southernmost tip of Africa to ‘Cape of good hope’?
King James II of Portugal.
What was the original name of Cape of good hope?
Cape of cyclones
Who became the first person to cross the equator during the course of his expedition
Barthaloma Dieuez
Who was the second Portuguese navigator to successfully reach India ?
Henry Cabrel
When did VDG visit India for the second time?
1502 , and Vasco Da Gama also killed Raja Manu Vikrama Verma and his commander Kunjali Markar.
Where did the Portuguese establish their first trade centre at ?
Cochin in 1503.
Where did the Portuguese construct their first port at?
Cochin
What subsequently happened to Vasco Da Gama?
He died in Cochin and was later buried at Lisbon.
Who was the first Portuguese governor to India?
Francisco de Almeida.
What policy was followed by Francisco de Almeida?
Blue water policy which had to do with supremacy over seas.
Who was the second Portuguese governor to India
Alfonso de Albequrque
Who was known as the Father of Portuguese trade empire in India?
Francisco de Albequrque , the second Portuguese governor to India.
Few noteworthy points about Alfonso de Albequrque
- Second Portuguese governor to India.
- Encouraged Portuguese women to marry locals .
- He was involved in forcible conversions
Under which Portuguese governor were Goa, basain and solsati captured ?
Alfonso de Albequrque
The Portuguese were patroned by which local rulers ?
The Mughals
At which places did the Portuguese establish their trade centres at in the east coast?
Hoogli and Machalipatnam.
Who were the first to issue trade licenses in India and what were these licenses called?
Portuguese were the first to issue trade licenses in India and they were called Cartez.
What were the Portuguese mainly interested in India ?
Spices
What are JHUNKERS?
Indian ships that mastered navigating western seas.
DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY
It was established in 1602.
What was the speciality of the Dutch east India company?
It was a very powerful company under the direct supervision of the Dutch royal household.
Where did the Dutch establish their trade centres at?
- Chinsura
- Hoogli
- Nagapattinam
Where was the Dutch headquarters in India located at?
Nagapattinam
What were the Dutch mainly interested in ?
Indigo
What were the major indigo production centres at that time?
Sartaz , Bayana , Agra and Allahabad.
What was Dutch trade referred to as?
Dutch trade was referred to as Batalian trade.
Against whom was the Amboyana massacre committed against and what was its result?
The Dutch committed the Amboyana massacre against the British in Indonesia and as a result the Britishers were driven out of Indonesia.
The Dutch EIC became the ________ colonial company in trade.
Richest
BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY .
Thomas Stephens was the first British traveller to visit India .
Who was the first British traveler to visit India?
Thomas Stephens
Which Britisher wrote a grammar book for Konkani language?
Thomas Stephens
Name the two persons who visited Agra and akbar’s court?
Ralph pitch and John Middenhall
What was the British EIC established as ?
The British east India company was established as Joint Stock exchange company with 24 members in 1600 .
In which company did the British queen later acquire membership in?
British East India Company
Who captained the first British expedition?
Sir James Lancaster captained the first British expedition.
Where did the first British expedition reach?
The first British expedition reached Indonesia .
What was the name of the first trade centre of the Britishers in Asia
Bantom
Who captained the second British expedition?
Sir Henry Middleton
Where did the second British expedition finally reach?
Indonesia
Who captained the third British expedition?
Captain William Hawkins
Which Mughal emperor denied Captain Hawkins permission to establish a trade centre in India?
Jehangir
Jehangir permitted ___________ to establish there trade centre in year 1613.
Sir Thomas Rowe
Where did the British establish their first trade centre at?
Surat in 1613
Which Britisher later received Jehangir’s order in the form of Golden Farman?
Sir John Surman.
What was the name of the first British fort in India and where was it built at ?
Fort St. George at Chennapattinam in 1639.
Which place did the British develop as their west coast headquarters by 1670s?
Bombay
With whose efforts was Bombay developed as Britishers west coast headquarters?
Sir Henry Oxenford
Which British official attended Sivaji’s coronation?
Sir Henry Oxenford
Which company official was responsible for developing Calcutta?
Job Charnok
Name the places that were merged to develop the city of Calcutta?
Kalighatta, Sutanauthi and Gobindapur.
Which was the second fort constructed by the Britishers?
Fort St. William at Calcutta.
Name the British fort at Cuddalore
Fort St. David
Name the place where the British had their only trade centre at in Kerala
Cannanore
DANES
Danish east India company was established in 1618.
When was the Danish EIC established in India
1618
Where did the Danes open their first trading centre in India at?
Tranquebar in Tamil Nadu
Where was the other Danish trade centre located at ?
Serampore in West Bengal
After the Danes shut shop in India as traders , what were they involved in?
Missionary activities
FRENCH EIC
Established in 1664
When was the French EIC established in India at?
1664
Who was responsible for establishment of FEIC ?
Jean Colbert
Who was Jean Colbert
FM of France
Known as “Financial wizard of Europe “
His views were called Colbertism.
The French EIC was a pure _________ company.
Government
Where did the French establish their first centre at and in which year?
Surat in 1668.
Which French governor got permission from Aurangajeb to establish trade centre at Surat?
Francois Caron.
French later established their trade centre at which place in West Bengal?
Chandranagore
Which place was developed as Pondicherry?
Valiyagondapuram
Which French governor was responsible for developing Pondicherry
Francois Martin
French also had trade centres at Y_____ and M______
Yanam and Mahe
Name the places where all the European companies that came to India had their trade centres at
Surat and Machalipatnam
Who were the first to come but last to leave India
Portuguese
Who were the last to come but first to leave India
French
