Models of disease causation Flashcards
True about Illness EXCEPT
a. What happens to the body
b. What happens to the person
c. What the patient feels when he goes to the
doctor
d. AOTA
e. NOTA
A
True about disease EXCEPT
a. What happens to the body
b. What he has on the way home from the doctor’s
office
c. Pathological changes diagnosed by signs and
symptoms;
d. Subjective
e. Defined by doctors
D
What is the standard for diagnosing diseases?
International
Classification of Diseases: ICD10
True about the definition of abnormal EXCEPT
a. Statistical: Mean +/- 2SD
b. Most representative - average
c. Most suited for survival
d. Product of consensus by experts
e. Most perfect
f. NOTA
F
In the illness-wellness continuum, the goal is to bring back the patient to a relative neutral point. T/F
F; aim is to bring to a higher level of wellness
Arrange the following in chronological order:
a. Evil Spirits
b. Body Mind Split
c. Psychoneuroimmunology
d. Humors
A-D-B-C
Why talk about models of disease causation?
o influences management
o determines resource allocation
o determines policies and programs
[Causation/Association] Smoking causes lung
cancer.
Causation
[Causation/Association] fat intake and breast cancer
Association
Nine guidelines for judging whether an
association is causal
(BCCCDRSSST)
Biologic plausibility
Consideration of alternate explanations
Cessation of exposure
Consistency with other knowledge
Dose-response relationship
Replication of findings
Strength of association
Specificity of the association
Temporal Relationships
Mind-body Dualism
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
A
Systems perspective (Engel)
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
D
A pill for every ill
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
A
Considers the effects of poverty and inequities (e.g.
malnourishment vs. Hypertension & CVD), and the
vital role of healthcare delivery system
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
F
Emphasis on individual responsibility and
personal control; Therapy consists of an eclectic collection of
alternative therapies
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
C
Psychological processes and emotional states
influence the etiology and progression of disease and
contribute to overall host resistance or vulnerability to
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
B
Emphasizes the patient’s understanding of his/her illness; To treat chronic illness, it isn’t enough to master relevant biology. Chronic illness cannot be cured. A doctor must appreciate the psychological and social components of the ailment.
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
E
The biomedical model tries to cure everything at once;
encourage ________ rather than fostering
__________.
a. autonomy;dependency
b. dependency;autonomy
c. disease;cure
d. cure;disease
B
Medicalization of problems previously thought to be problems of daily living led to _________ __________ __ ____
unrealistic expectations of cure
The biomedical model fails to:
A. Account for psychological etiology
B. Explain iatrogenic disease
C. Account for biologic cause of disease
D. A and B
E. B and C
D
These are problems with which conceptual model of disease causation?
- Inadequate treatment strategies for lifestyle issues
related to disease etiology
- Frequently produces patient dissatisfaction
Biomedical Model
Enumerate behavioral contribution to management of illness
Stress and coping behavior, Health-enhancing vs. High-risk behaviors. Health-seeking behaviors and Adherence to treatment
What is the anticipated goal of the holistic model?
high-level wellness
Give 4 assumptions of the holistic model
- Psychosomatic nature of illness
- Person has body, mind, and spirit integrated
- Illness stems from adaptational failure, producing a disturbance in the self-regulation of one’s social, behavioral, psychological, and physical dimensions
- Illness is a creative opportunity (i.e. the illness
chooses a person who has done something bad)
Context in which symptoms occur _______ the symptom Itself.
a. is as important as
b. is irrelevant compared to
c. may be as important or may be irrelevant compared to
d. NOTA
A
Patient centered care
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
D
The following are characteristics of the biopsychosocial model EXCEPT
A. Explore health-related values
B. Obtain psychosocial and contextual info -e.g., perceptions
C. Formulate goals to optimize health
D. Select options responding to patient’s values - do not dictate.
E. Considers effects of poverty and inequities
E; characteristic of Ecological Transactional
Enumerate the steps in the LEARN METHOD
- Listen with empathy and understanding for
Explanatory Models and Illness Prototypes - Explain perceptions using lay terms
- Acknowledge difference and similarities between patient and doctor EMs.
- Recommend and
- Negotiate treatment
__________ are culturally prescribed sets
of generalizations about etiology, prognosis, and
therapy of a particular illness.
Explanatory Models
_____________ experience of an illness,
whether personal, by significant other, through
media
Illness Prototypes
The patient is viewed holistically as union of biological
and psychocultural factors that determine an
individual’s adaptive capacity or the ability to adjust to
environmental influences and changes
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
F
Cause: TB bacilli
Treatment: triple/quadruple anti-kochs
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
A
Cause: Life context Poverty and congestion Health delivery systems
Treatment: DOTS (5components) Poverty alleviation Structural changes
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
D-F Biopsychosocial-ethno-transactional
Cause: Ranges from Heredity to environmental factors,“natuyuan ng pawis”,“nahipan ng masamang hangin”
Treatment: Healing of stigma through health education Drug treatment
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
E
The ______ _________ is the basis of medical
practice.
medical interview
The answers you get from the patient depend on ….
the questions you pose and how you do so
Patient complained of painful urination. Only urinalysis was done.
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
A
Patient refuses to use insulin because she knows of significant
others who used insulin but died anyway.
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
E
She insisted not to use insulin and instead ate ampalaya salad
everyday.
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
C
She blames her boyfriend for her broken heart and eats a lot to
compensate.
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
B
Ang mga lalaking maraming kapareha ay sadyang naghahanap
ng mga sakit tulad ng syphilis.
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
B
Nagkakasakit ang bata kapag nagkukulang ng gamot sa health
center.
A. BIOMEDICAL MODEL
B. BIOBEHAVIORAL MODEL
C. HOLISTIC MODEL
D. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
E. ETHNOMEDICAL-CULTURAL MODEL
F. ECOLOGICAL-TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
F
What is the reason for the consult?
Illness
Where does it hurt?
Disease
When did you first notice the symptoms?
Disease
How does your family feel about it?
Illness
What are your ideas on why this happened to you?
Illness
