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HS 202 FamMed > Environmental Determinants of Health > Flashcards

Environmental Determinants of Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the (5) Environmental Determinants of Health?

A
  • Biological
  • Chemical
  • Physical
  • Ergonomics
  • Psychosocial
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2
Q

What vapor measurements are considered to be highly volatile?

A

VP>=1mmHg

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3
Q

What is the vapor density of air?

A

1

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4
Q

[Identify] how body handles the toxic agent

A

Toxicokinetics

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5
Q

[Identify] What the toxic agent does to the body

A

Toxicodynamics

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6
Q

How does mercury affect health?

A

affect CNS, reproductive system, developmental defects, kidney impairment,

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7
Q

How does cadmium affect health?

A

kidney and bone involvement

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8
Q

How does marine toxins affect health?

A

affect NS and GI

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9
Q

[Identify] How toxic agents produce illness

A

Pathophysyiology

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10
Q

“will this agent stay long in the environment, will it

die immediately?” the question is referring to

A

Bioaccumulation

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11
Q

[Identify] contact between hazardous agent and a target such as person, plant, animal, or other receptor of interest

A

Exposure

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12
Q

[Identify] the amount of a hazardous substance in an

environmental medium or consumer product; the rate of contact with the substance

A

Magnitude

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13
Q

[Identify] period of time over which an individual or

population may be exposed; ranges from short (in seconds) to long (lifetime)

A

Duration

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14
Q

[Identify] the persistence of exposure over a certain
duration of time; contact could be rare. intermittent or
continuous.

A

Frequency

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15
Q

[Identify] period of vulnerability; e.g. congenital anomalies

A

Timing

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16
Q

[Identify] The course that an agent follows from the source to the receptor

A

Exposure Pathway

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17
Q

[Identify] Type of exposure pathway wherein agent doesn’t reach the receptor, reducing the risk

A

Incomplete

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18
Q

[Identify] Type of exposure pathway wherein agent reaches the receptor

A

Complete

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19
Q

When will exposure be internal?

A

When the agent is inside the body. If it’s outside, it is external.

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20
Q

Give (4) routes of exposure

A

air, food, water, skin

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21
Q

What is the halflife of DDT?

A

96years, therefore it stays very long in the environment

22
Q

What was done in the Stockholm convention?

A

identified 13 key persistent organic pollutants
and drafted ways to remove them from the
environment

23
Q

What could result from nitrate pollution?

A

methemoglobinemia

24
Q

What self-reported health symptoms are common in land fills?

A 
Respiratory symptoms, irritation of the 
skin, nose, eyes; gastrointestinal 
problems, fatigue, headache, 
psychological problems and allergies
(MSK, GI, Skin)
25
Q

For populations living within 2 kilometres of
landfills, there was limited evidence of__________ _________ and ___ _____ ____ with excess risk of 2% and 6% respectively; excess risk becomes higher when sites dealing with toxic wastes were considered

A

For populations living within 2 kilometres of landfills, there was limited evidence of congenital anomalies and low birth weight with excess risk of 2% and 6% respectively; excess risk becomes higher when sites dealing with toxic wastes were considered

26
Q

People living near incineration areas are in high risk of developing cancer. Which cancers are most common?

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma

27
Q

T/F There was significant association between
adverse reproductive outcome (miscarriages)
and residence near a landfill site

A

T

28
Q

In 2010: _______ persons were at risk of
exposure to industrial pollutants at ___ toxic
waste sites

A

In 2010: 8,629,750 persons were at risk of
exposure to industrial pollutants at 373 toxic
waste sites

29
Q

____ and __________ ________collectively
accounted for 99.2% of the total DALYs for the
chemicals evaluated

A

Lead and hexavalent chromium collectively
accounted for 99.2% of the total DALYs for the
chemicals evaluated

30
Q

Which environmental source of pollution contribute the highest DALY?

A

Battery recycling; because of lead

31
Q

What does DALY mean?

A

Disability-adjusted-life-years

32
Q

Due to climate change, there Colder and longer __ _____, and hotter
and dryer__ _____

A

Colder and longer La Niña, and hotter

and dryer El Niño

33
Q

True about extreme climate events in the Philippines
a. Water contaminations not monitored, especially
chemical; focus of monitoring is only microbiological
b. Continued multiple use of coal-fire power plants
c. increased incidences of typhoons, floods, hurricanes and
others is due to change in global climate
d. However, there’s not much change in the country’s overall temperature

A

D; rise

34
Q 
algal blooms, plant toxins, virulent strains
A. biological stressors
B. chemical stressors
C. physical stressors
D. psychological stressors
E. social stressors
A

A

35
Q 
UV rays, extreme heat
A. biological stressors
B. chemical stressors
C. physical stressors
D. psychological stressors
E. social stressors
A

C

36
Q 
displacement of people due to flooding and other environmental hazards
A. biological stressors
B. chemical stressors
C. physical stressors
D. psychological stressors
E. social stressors
A

E

37
Q 
pesticides, heavy metals, gases
A. biological stressors
B. chemical stressors
C. physical stressors
D. psychological stressors
E. social stressors
A

B

38
Q

Anthropogenic forces that contribute to climate change is mostly due to

A

industrialization

39
Q
  • Extreme weather
  • Effects on ecosystem
  • Sea-level rise (saliation and storm surges)
  • Environmental degradation of land and coastal areas

are examples of effects on the?

A

environment

40
Q

How should environmental effects be addressed?

A

via mitigation

41
Q
  • Thermal stress
  • Microbial proliferation
  • Changes in vector – pathogen and infectious diseases
  • Impaired crop and livestock yields, impaired nutrition
  • Loss of livelihood and displacement leading to poverty, malnutrition and increase risk

are examples of

A

Health Effects

42
Q

How should health effects be addressed?

A

via adpatation

43
Q

Human Health Conditions Likely To Be Affected By

Climate Change are

A 
Asthma,
Cancer,
CVD and stroke,
Food-bourne disease and nutrition,
Heat-related Morbidity and Mortality,
Human developmental effects,
Mental health and stress related disorder,
neurological disease,
vector-bourne and zoonotic disease,
water-borne disease,
weather-related mortality and morbidity
44
Q

How does lead content in fish products affect pediatric development(Bulacan study)

A

Decrease IQ in 2 year olds

45
Q

High manganese exposure is linked to which disease?

A

Parkinsonism

46
Q

Changes in Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases include

A

 Expansion in vector ranges
 Shortening of pathogen incubation period
 Disruption and relocation of large human populations

47
Q

Change in Mental Health and Stress-Related Disorders is due to

A

 Geographic displacement of populations
 Damage to properties
 Loss of loved ones
 Chronic stress

48
Q

Enumerate 3 majoy factors affecting response to environmental change

A

Agent, Exposure, Human factors

49
Q

Agent factors include

A 
characteristics of toxic agents
physical (severity)
chemical (endocrine disruptors)
biological (virulent stains, biotoxins),
environmental fate of agent
50
Q

Exposure factors include

A 
exposure situation (duration, frequency, route, 
dosage)
51
Q

Human factors include

A

individual characteristics and individual susceptibility

HS 202 FamMed (10 decks)

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