Mode of action and mechanisms of resistance Flashcards

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1
Q

Requirements for antimicrobial activity are…

A

Adsorption to cell surface
Passage into cell
Interaction with target

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2
Q

Oxidation occurs with which agents?

A

Peroxygen compounds and halogens

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3
Q

X-linking occurs with which agents?

A

Aldehydes

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4
Q

Coagulation occurs with which agents?

A

Aldehydes, Chlorhexidine, Phenols, Ethanol, Mercurials

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5
Q

Oxidation causes…

A

Strand breakage, binding to DNA or RNA
Degradation of unsaturated fatty acids
Modification of S-S bonds

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6
Q

X-linking causes…

A

It affects NH2 groups of surface-exposed lysine residues

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7
Q

Coagulation causes…

A

Extensive X-linking and protein precipitation

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8
Q

How can agents affect the cell wall?

A

Breakdown the cell wall
Affect integrity of outer membrane
X-link cell wall

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9
Q

How can agents affect the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Affect:

  • Membrane potential (proton motive force)
  • Enzymes
  • Membrane permeability
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10
Q

How can agents affect the cytoplasm?

A
Cause general coagulation
Affect:
- Ribosomes
- Nucleic acids
- SH groups
- NH2 groups
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11
Q

What is intrinsic/innate resistance?

A

A natural chromosomally encoded property

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12
Q

What is extrinsic/acquired resistance?

A

Organisms become resistant

  • Phenotypic: response to mode of growth
  • Genetic: requires mutation/genetic transfer
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13
Q

Give examples of Innate resistance

A

Efflux pump
Barrier to penetration
Decreased accumulation
Adaptation

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14
Q

Give examples of Acquired resistance

A

Phenotypic resistance
Cell density: ‘gang warfare’
Genetic resistance

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15
Q

What is ‘gang warfare’ in relation to cell density

A

When bacteria only produce virulence factors when there is a ‘quorum’ of cells present

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