Modalities Exam #3 quiz questions

Question 1

the continuous, uridirectional flow of electrons

Answer 1

direct current

Question 2

continuous flow of electrons rhythmically changing direction

Answer 2

indirect/alternating

Question 3

flow of electricity (measured in _____) is driven by _____

Answer 3

coulombs

voltage

Question 4

how is a nerve’s excitability influenced by its size and depth

Answer 4

the larger and more superficial the nerve, the more easily it is stimulated

Question 5

two ways to increase the strength of a current

Answer 5

pulse amplitude and duration

Question 6

what is determined by motor unit recruitment?

Answer 6

tension

Question 7

does the reference electrode have a charge

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

what does a high-signal gain mean for biofeedback

Answer 8

biofeedback unit has a low sensitivity for muscle activity

Question 9

biofeedback electrode placement

Answer 9

parallel to muscle fibers

Question 10

average biofeedback period

Answer 10

5-10 min.

Question 11

what factors must be addressed when using biofeedback to relax muscle guarding

Answer 11

pain
mental imagery
apprehension

Question 12

what is the principle that allows the biofeedback unit to eliminate common noise between active electrodes

Answer 12

filtering

Question 13

does biofeedback measure muscle contractions directly?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

how is raw EMG converted to a visual or audio format

Answer 14

rectified
smoothed
integrated

Question 15

what do biofeedback instruments measure?

Answer 15

peripheral skin temperature
finger phototransmission
skin conductance activity
electromyographic activity

Question 16

goal of using biofeedback

Answer 16

muscle contraction

Question 17

LASER acronym

Answer 17

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Question 18

steps in the generation of a laser beam

Answer 18

external energy is applied to a lasing medium to excite atoms to a higher-energy orbit
electrons of excited atoms return to their normal state and absorbed energy is released as particles of light
some particles of light begin to reflect back and forth through the lasing medium between two mirrors at the end of the amplifying chamber
an intense resonance of light particles develops in the amplifying chamber and some particles are released as a laser beam

Question 19

clinically-relevant difference between lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

Answer 19

lasers require less time to deliver the same amount of energy to target tissue

Question 20

are lasers and light therapy equally effective

Answer 20

no

Question 21

light therapy is a form of

Answer 21

electromagnetic energy

Question 22

high-energy lasers produce a greater amount of _____ than low level lasers

Answer 22

heat

Question 23

purpose of traction in the treatment of a herniated disc

Answer 23

widening disk spaces

decreasing intervertebral disk pressure

Question 24

how does traction contribute to pain relief

Answer 24

stretches muscles and ligaments and breaks the pain-spasm-pain cycle

Question 25

how should patients be positioned during cervical traction

Answer 25

supine or seated

Question 26

magnitude of force needed to separate vertebrae depends primarily on what two factors

Answer 26

frictional resistance to traction

resistance to stretch by the muscles and soft tissues