Modalities Exam #3 quiz questions Flashcards
the continuous, uridirectional flow of electrons
direct current
continuous flow of electrons rhythmically changing direction
indirect/alternating
flow of electricity (measured in _____) is driven by _____
coulombs
voltage
how is a nerve’s excitability influenced by its size and depth
the larger and more superficial the nerve, the more easily it is stimulated
two ways to increase the strength of a current
pulse amplitude and duration
what is determined by motor unit recruitment?
tension
does the reference electrode have a charge
yes
what does a high-signal gain mean for biofeedback
biofeedback unit has a low sensitivity for muscle activity
biofeedback electrode placement
parallel to muscle fibers
average biofeedback period
5-10 min.
what factors must be addressed when using biofeedback to relax muscle guarding
pain
mental imagery
apprehension
what is the principle that allows the biofeedback unit to eliminate common noise between active electrodes
filtering
does biofeedback measure muscle contractions directly?
no
how is raw EMG converted to a visual or audio format
rectified
smoothed
integrated
what do biofeedback instruments measure?
peripheral skin temperature
finger phototransmission
skin conductance activity
electromyographic activity
goal of using biofeedback
muscle contraction
LASER acronym
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
steps in the generation of a laser beam
external energy is applied to a lasing medium to excite atoms to a higher-energy orbit
electrons of excited atoms return to their normal state and absorbed energy is released as particles of light
some particles of light begin to reflect back and forth through the lasing medium between two mirrors at the end of the amplifying chamber
an intense resonance of light particles develops in the amplifying chamber and some particles are released as a laser beam
clinically-relevant difference between lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
lasers require less time to deliver the same amount of energy to target tissue
are lasers and light therapy equally effective
no
light therapy is a form of
electromagnetic energy
high-energy lasers produce a greater amount of _____ than low level lasers
heat
purpose of traction in the treatment of a herniated disc
widening disk spaces
decreasing intervertebral disk pressure
how does traction contribute to pain relief
stretches muscles and ligaments and breaks the pain-spasm-pain cycle
how should patients be positioned during cervical traction
supine or seated
magnitude of force needed to separate vertebrae depends primarily on what two factors
frictional resistance to traction
resistance to stretch by the muscles and soft tissues
