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Modalities > Modalities Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Modalities Ch. 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is heat?

A

form of energy produced by the movement of molecules

everything with a temperature above absolute zero (-273 C) possesses heat

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2
Q

temperature

A

an object’s ability to spontaneously give up energy

molecular motion

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3
Q

effects of heat

A 
increased
-relaxation
-circulation
-tissue healing
-metabolism
-inflammation
decreased
-pain
-muscle spasm
-tissue stiffness
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4
Q

metabolic effects

A

chemical activity increases as temperature increases
oxygen uptake
nutrient availability

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5
Q

vascular effects

A

varies b/n tissue types

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6
Q

skin blood flow

A 
role in nutrition and maintenance of core body temperature
vasodilation occurs due to
-axon reflex
-release of chemical mediators
-local spinal cord reflexes
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7
Q

skeletal muscle flow

A

blood flow increase due to metabolic regulation
greatest changes with levels of exercise
minimal changes with superficial heating modalities
exercise >superficial heat
SH + ex > SH or EX

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8
Q

neuromuscular effects

A 
analgesia
reduced muscle spasm
not entirely understood
theory
-pain threshold
-nerve conduction velocity
-muscle spindle firing rates
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9
Q

thermal gate theory

A

thermoreceptors > nociceptive afferents

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10
Q

connective tissue effects

A 
will shorten following injury
effects of heat
-increased elasticity
-decreased viscosity
-decreased joint stiffness
-increased muscle flexibility
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11
Q

plastic elongation

A

result of heat and stretch
must consider
-temperature elevation
-stretch

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12
Q

general contraindications

A

no heat within the first 48-72 hours of an injury
no heat on areas of compromised circulation
no heat on areas of compromised sensation
malignancy
infection

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13
Q

superficial vs. deep

A 
superficial
-TTR in surface tissues
-<1 cm depth
-hot packs, whirlpool, paraffin
-conduction and infrared radiation
deep
-TTR in deeper tissue
-3-4 cm
-diathermy and ultrasound
-conversion and radiation
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14
Q

4 types of heat transfer

A 
conduction
-direct contact
convection
-air and water
radiation
-light rays, waves
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15
Q

conduction modalities

A

ice pack
hot pack
whirlpool
slush bucket

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16
Q

convection modality

A

whirlpool

17
Q

radiation examples

-modalities

A 
sun
modalities
-diathermy
-laser
-heat lamp
18
Q

conversion

A 
energy other than heat is converted to heat
must occur to heat deep tissues
modalities
-diathermy
-ultrasound
19
Q

heat sinks

A

areas of the body that can accept and dissipate great amounts of heat
-lungs (respiration)
-skin (perspiration)
carried by circulation
prevents local tissues damage
heat sinks must dissipate heat from a modality as quickly as it is added

20
Q

post-immobilization and heat

A

increase circulation/healing

decrease stiffness

Modalities (16 decks)

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