Modalities Ch. 15

Question 1

radiation

Answer 1

propagated through empty space as EM waves

includes heat, light, electricity, x-rays

Question 2

forms

Answer 2

all are caused by minute particles moving through space

Question 3

wavelength

Answer 3

distance of one repetition of the wave, crest to crest

Question 4

frequency

Answer 4

rate at which the wavelengths are moving, cycles/sec

Hz and Mhz

Question 5

wavelength and frequency relationship

Answer 5

speed = wavelength x freq.
all travel at 186,000 mi/sec
-linear velocity = 186,000 mi/sec
linear speed remains constant

Question 6

diathermy

Answer 6

“through heat”
a therapeutic modality that uses high frequency EM waves to heat deeper tissue
involves transmissions and absorption of EM by the body

Question 7

why is it not used?

Answer 7

expense of 5,000 to 25,000
poor information
-speculation
lack of research
-changes in equipment

Question 8

diathermy classification

Answer 8

medical

surgical

Question 9

classification based on frequency

Answer 9

longwave
shortwave
microwave

Question 10

longwave

Answer 10

2 MHz
oldest method
not used any more

Question 11

shortwave

Answer 11

27.12 MHz
wave identical to a shortwave radio
most common type used in sports medicine

Question 12

microwave

Answer 12

2450 MHz
similar to radar
seldom used in the US
more contraindications than SWD

Question 13

drum electrode

Answer 13

most common type

drum electrode is made up of copper foil

Question 14

SWD device

Answer 14

runs on 110 V electricity from a wall outlet
frequency is 27.12 MHz
radio frequency that passes through the drum to the coil
coil sends wave into the tissue
one applicator unit is called a monode
two applicator is a diplode
inside applicator is single copper electrode coil

Question 15

dipole

Answer 15

ends carry opposite energy charges
as they rotate, friction is occurring causing heat
rotation + friction = heat

Question 16

eddy currents

Answer 16

a magnetic field generates small circular electrical fields

fields vibrate and increase cell membrane permeability, which causes heat

Question 17

heating effects

Answer 17

created by resistance in the tissue to things going on
resistance is highest in muscle
SWD can heat muscle without overheating skin or adipose tissue
muscle is a denser tissue, more resistance, more heat

Question 18

types

Answer 18

SWD can either be continuous or pulse waved

Question 19

most treatments are…

Answer 19

pulsed

Question 20

why use pulse?

Answer 20

on time, offtime, peak power stops tissue from overheating

Question 21

peak power

Answer 21

pulse width with pulse frequency

-both important variables

Question 22

how to create more heat

Answer 22

increase frequency and pulse width

Question 23

PG 289

Answer 23

average watts is power

Question 24

physiological effects of diathermy

Answer 24

increase blood flow
increase metabolism
more effect at cellular level
fibroblastic activity
collagen deposition
new capillary growth
white blood cell infiltration
healing
decreased pain and muscle spasm

Question 25

diathermy indications

Answer 25

strains
sprains
contusions
tendonosis
bursitis
pain
joint stiffness
osteoarthritis
decreased ROM
increase extensibility of collagen fibers

Question 26

diathermy contraindications

Answer 26

when tissue temperature rise is not indicated
ischemic areas
anesthetic areas
effusion
eyes, testes, ovaries
caution over pelvis during pregnancy
moist wound dressings
fever
epiphysis
cancer
pacemakers
metal implants

Question 27

US

Answer 27

can heat tissues 3-5 cm deep to > 40 degrees C
heats small areas
short stretch/thermal window
5-10 min.

Question 28

SWD

Answer 28

can heat tissues 3-5 cm deep to > 40 C
heats large areas
long stretch/thermal window
10-15 min
consistent treatment over a certain area