Modalities and ROM interventions

Question 1

Uses of superficial heat

Answer 1

• pain control
• increase soft tissue extensibility and decreases joint stiffness
• increase circulation/accelerate healing

Question 2

Contraindications of heat

Answer 2

• recent bleeding/hemorrhage
• sensory impairment
• cognitive impairment
• thrombophlebitis
• malignant tumor
• IR irradiation of eyes

Question 3

Precautions of heat

Answer 3

• impaired circulation: CAD or PVD
• demyelinated nerves
• acute injury/inflammation
• open wounds
• pregnancy
• metal in areas
• cardiac insufficiency
• DVT (okay if being treated)
• cognitive impairment
• areas with topical counterirritants
• poor thermoregulation

Question 4

Adverse effects of heat

Answer 4

• burn
• fainting
• bleeding

Question 5

Ultrasound indiciations

Answer 5

• soft tissue shortening
• pain control
• dermal ulcers
• tendon/ligament injuries
• phonophoresis

Question 6

Ultrasound contraindiciations

Answer 6

• malignant tumor
• Over CNS tissue
• plastic components
• thrombophlebitis
• reproductive organs
• pregnancy
• joint cement
• pacemaker
• eyes

Question 7

Ultrasound precautions

Answer 7

• acute inflammation
• fractures
• epiphyseal plate
• brest implants

Question 8

Adverse effects of ultasound

Answer 8

• burn
• pain from standing waves
• cross contamination and infection

Question 9

Uses for cold agent

Answer 9

• acute musculoskeletal trauma
• pain control
• edema control
• decrease muscle spasm
• muscle re-education
• reduce spasticity

Question 10

Cold contra-indications

Answer 10

• circulatory compromise or PVD
• cold hypersensitivity/intolerance
• cyroglobulinemia
• regeneration of peripheral nerves
• Raynaud’s disease

Question 11

Cold precautions

Answer 11

• poor sensation
• cognitive impairments
• open wounds
• HTN
• very old/very young

Question 12

Cold adverse effects

Answer 12

• tissue death
• frostbite

Question 13

AROM benefits

Answer 13

• maintain elasticity, strength and contractile endurance of muscles
• increase circulation
• increase joint motion awareness and sensory awareness
• maintain/improve cardiopulmonary fitness
• prevent thrombus formation in LE
• maintain/improve integrity of tendon-bone interface
• improve the muscles strength w/external resistance

Question 14

Indications for AROM

Answer 14

• in preference to AAROM and PROM
• aerobic conditioning
• prevent immobility

Question 15

contra-indications/precautions for AROM

Answer 15

• use with care in early healing g
• cardiac instability/abnormal breathing
• after surgery
• pain during/persists after exercise

Question 16

goal/purpose for PROM

Answer 16

• examination of mobility, stability and integrity of non contractile tissue
• asses pain
• intervention to maintain ROM

Question 17

benefits of PROM

Answer 17

• maintain ROM/minimize contractures
• maintain circulation and promote healing
• maintain movement awareness/learn movement
• reduce pain

Question 18

indication of PROM

Answer 18

• patient is unable to preform actively
• when AROM is harmful

Question 19

Contra-indications of PROM

Answer 19

• when it is disruptive to the healing process
• muscle guarding causes pain
• active exercise is indicated
• unstable cardiac condition
• ortho restrictions

Question 20

effects of thermal ultrasound

Answer 20

• increase tissue temperature
• increase metabolic rate and circulation
• decrease pain and spasm

Question 21

Effects of non-thermal ultrasound

Answer 21

• mechanical effects of cavitation
• increase skin and cellular permeability
• increases macrophages response and protein synthesis