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PMR board > MODALITIES > Flashcards

MODALITIES Flashcards

1
Q

SCAR TISSUE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE

A

SCAR HAS INADEQUATE VASCULAR SUPPLY. ELEVATION OF TEMP INCREASES THE TISSUE’S METABOLIC DEMAND CAN LEAD TO NECROSIS.

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2
Q

CONDUCTION

A

TRANSFER OF HEAT THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT

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3
Q

CONVECTION

A

TRANSFER OF HEAT BY FLUID CIRCULATION. EXAMPLES: FLUIDOTHERAPY, CONTRAST BATH, HYDROTHERAPY.

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4
Q

CONVERSION

A

HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH CONVERSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION INTO HEAT ENERGY. EXAMPLES: HEAT LAMPS, US, SWD, MICROWAVE DIATHERMY.

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5
Q

EXAMPLES OF DEEP HEAT

A

US TO 8CM, SWD TO 5CM, MICROWAVE DIATHERMY.

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6
Q

GREATES HEAT ABSORBTION AREA

A

BONE-MUSCLE SOFT TISSUE INTERFACE

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7
Q

NON THERMAL EFFECT OF US

A

ACOUSTIC CAVITATION

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8
Q

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR US

A

NEAR PACEMAKER, NEAR TUMOR, GRAVID OR MENSTRUAL UTERUS, OPEN EPIPHYSIS, HIP OR KNEE PROSTHEES WITH METHY METHACRYLATE OR HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE, ARTHROPLASTIES NEAR SPINAL CORD OR BRAIN, EYES, NEAR HEART

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9
Q

INDIRECT ULTRASOUND

A

FOR UNEVEN SURFACES AS HANDS AND FEET. APPLICATOR AND BODY PART IN A CONTAINER WITH DEGASSED WATER

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10
Q

FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY NORMAL RANGE

A

FREQUENCY: 0.8 TO 1.1MHz
INTENSITY: 0.5 TO 2.0 W/cm2
FOR TENDINITIS AND BURSITIS INTENSITY USED IS 1.2 TO 1.8W/cm2

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11
Q

SWD

MOST COMMON FREQUENCY USED

A

DEEP HEATING THROUGH CONVERSION OF RADIO WAVE ELECTROMEGNATIC ENRGY TO THERMAL ENERGY
FREQ: 27.12MHz
CAN BE USED IN PID AND PROSTATITIS

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12
Q

US

A

SOUNDWAVES CONVERTED INTO THERMAL OR NON THERMAL EFFECTS

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13
Q

INDUCTIVE COILED METHOD (SWD)

A

PRODUCES HIGH TEMPERATURE IN WATER-RICH TISSUE (SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE AND SKIN). INDICATED FOR SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE AND JOINT WITH MINIMAL SUPERFICIAL TISSUE)

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14
Q

CONDENSOR METHOD (SWD)

A

PRODUCES HIGH TEMPERATURE IN WATER-POOR TISSUE (FAT AND BONE). INDICATED FOR SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE, SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE AND DEEPER JOINTS)

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15
Q

MWD

FREQUENCY USED

A

CONVERSION OF MICROWAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY INTO THERMAL ENERGY. LESS THAN 5CM DEEP.
ACCORDING TO CUCURULLO IS THE ONLY ONE INDICATED FOR HYPERTHERMIA IN CANCER PATIENTS AND HEMATOMA
FREQ: 915MHz AND 2,456MHz

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16
Q

PRECAUTION WITH MWD

A

EYE PROTECTION IS REQUIRED BY PATIENT AND THERAPIST DUE TO RISK OF CATARACTS

17
Q

SWD CONTRAIDICATIONS

A

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES, SURGICAL IMPLANTS

18
Q

MWD CONTRAIDICATIONS

A

AVOID FLUID-FILLED CAVITIES AS BLISTERS, EDEMA, MOIST SKIN.

19
Q

COLD EFFECT ON SPASTICITY

A

DECREASED SPASTICITY. DECREASED MUSCLE SPINDLE ACTIVITY, DECREASED FIRING RATE OF Ia AND II AFFERENT FIBERS. DECREASED GOLGI TENDON ORGAN ACTIVITY, DECREASED FIRING RATE OF Ib AFFERENT FIBERS.

20
Q

COLD EFFECT ON NERVE CONDUCTION

A

DECREASED SENSORY AND MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION

21
Q

MECHANISM OF COLD TRANSFER

A

CONDUCTION: PACKS AND ICE MASSAGE
CONVECTION: COLD BATHS
EVAPORATION: VAPOCOOLANT SPRAY

22
Q

LIGHT THERAPY

A

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

23
Q

UV RADIATION WAVELENGTH

A

2,000 TO 4,000. BACTERICIDAL AT 2,537

24
Q

UV RADIATION EFFECTS

A 
BACTERICIDAL
INCREASED VASCULARIZATION OF WOUND MARGINS
INCREASED VIT D PRODUCTION
EXCITATION ON CALCIUM METABOLISM
TANNING
25
Q

UV RADIATION INDICATIONS

A 
TREATMENT OF ASEPTIC AND SEPTIC WOUNDS
PSORIASIS
ACNE
FOLLICULITIS
PRECAUTIONS WITH ATROPHIC SCARS AND GENERALIZED DERMATITIS
26
Q

UV PRECAUTIONS

A

PROTECTS EYE FROM CONJUNCTIVITIS AND PHOTOKERATITIS. RENAL AND HEPATIC FAILURE. HYPERTHYROIDISM. PULM TB. GEN DERMATITIS. ATROPHIC SKIN. ADVANCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

27
Q

UV DOSAGE

A

PRESCRIBED AS THE MINIMAL EXPOSURE TIME REQUIRED TO CAUSE ERYTHEMA ON THE VOLAR SURFACE OF THE FOREARM. MEASURED IN MINIMAL ERYTHEMA DOSAGE (MED)

28
Q

TYPES OF ELECTROTHERAPY

A

TENS. NMES. IONTOPHORESIS.

29
Q

WHICH NERVE FIBERS ARE STIMULATED BY TENS AND THE GATE CONTROL THEORY

A

LARGE 1a MYELINATED AFFERENT NERVE FIBERS

30
Q

MOST EFFECTIVE TYPE OF STIMULATION

A

CONVENTIONAL: HIGH FREQUENCY, LOW INTENSITY STIMULATION.

31
Q

NMES MECHANISM

A

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ABOVE THE MOTOR THRESHOLD TO CAUSE A MUSCLE CONTRACTION. REQUIRES THE ALPHA MOTOR NEURON TO BE INTACT. CAN BE UTILIZED AS THERAPEUTIC OR FUNCTIONAL (FES).

32
Q

NMES BENEFITS

A

INCREASES MUSCLE MASS. INCREASES STROKE VOLUME AND CARDIAC OUTPUT. REDUCES VENOUS POOLING. IMPROVE CARDIO RESPIRATORY FITNESS.

33
Q

EFFLEURAGE

A

GLIDING RHYTHMIC STROKES OF THE HANDS

34
Q

PETRISSAGE

A

“KNEADING” “PINCHING” REDUCES EDEMA AND ADHESION.

35
Q

TAPOTEMENT

A

PERCUSSION. CLEARS SECRETIONS

36
Q

FRICTION

A

DECREASES ADHESIONS

37
Q

SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION

A

FORCEFUL MASSAGE OF THE FASCIA-MUSCLE SYSTEM

38
Q

CERVICAL AND LUMBAR TRACTION WEIGHT

A

CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH 25 POUNDS. LUMBAR WITH >50 POUNDS

39
Q

TRACTION POSITION

A

CERVICAL: 20-30 DEGREES OF FLEXION
LUMBAR: HIP AND KNEES FLEXED TO 90 DEGREES WHILE THE PATIENT IS SUPINE.

PMR board (21 decks)

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