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PMR board > Brain injury > Flashcards

Brain injury Flashcards

1
Q

most important risk factor for stroke

A

age

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2
Q

MOST IMPORTANT MODIFIABLE RISK FACTOR FOR STROKE

A

HYPERTENSION

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3
Q

MOST COMMON ETIOLOGY FOR TBI

A

FALL

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4
Q

MOST COMMON AREA FOR CONTUSION

A

INFERIOR FRONTAL LOBE AND ANTERIOR TEMPORAL LOBE

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5
Q

DAI
WHAT IS?
COMMON LOCATION

A

DISRUPTION OF THE AXON DUE TO ACCELERATION/DECELERATION. ASSOC WITH LOC.
CORPUS CALLOSUM, CENTRAL WHITE MATTER AND MIDBRAIN (WORST PROGNOSIS)

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6
Q

PRIMARY INJURY AFTER TBI

A

DAI AND CONTUSION

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7
Q

PLASTICITY

A

CAPABILITY IF DAMAGED BRAIN TO REPAIR VIA TWO MECHANISMS
SPROUTING: INTACT AXONS STABLISH CONNECTION IN DAMAGED AREAS
UNMASKING NEURAL REORGANIZATION: HEALTHY STRUCTURE ARE REASSIGNED TO DO FUNTIONS SUBSERVED BY THE LESIONED AREA.
P:US

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8
Q

DIASCHISIS

A

EXPLAINS SPONTANEOUS RETURN OF FUNCTION. LESION TO ONE REGION CAN PRODUCE ALTERED FUNCTION IN OTHER AREAS OF THE BRAIN IF THERE IS A CONNECTION.

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9
Q

COMA

A

LACK WAKEFULNESS IN EEG. RESULTS FROM THE DAMAGE TO THE RAS IN THE BRAINSTEM OR ITS CONNECTIONS.

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10
Q

VEGETATIVE STATE

A

SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE ON EEG. NO AWARENESS

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11
Q

MINIMALLY CONSCIOUS STATE

A

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS. PURPOSEFUL BEHAVIOR.

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12
Q

BEST PREDICTOR OF GCS

A

MOTOR RESPONSE

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13
Q

OUT OF PTA IF…

A

GOAT 75 OR HIGHER FOR TWO CONSECUTIVE DAYS

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14
Q

RLA IV

A

CONFUSED AND AGITATED

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15
Q

RLA V

A

CONFUSED, NON-AGITATED, INAPPROPRIATE

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16
Q

MAJORITY OF PTS ARE

A

SIMPLE PARTIAL

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17
Q

RISK FACTORS FOR LATE PTS

A

PENETRATING HEAD INJURY, EARLY PTS, ICH, DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURE, PROLONGED COMA OR PTA >24HRS, BITEMPORAL LESIONS, AGE, ALCOHOL, TCAs, FOREIGN BODIES, APHASIA, HEMIPLEGIA.

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18
Q

PROPHYLAXIS OF PTS

A

7 DAYS POST INJURY (PREVENT ONLY EARLY PTS) WITH PHENYTOIN OR VALPROIC ACID.

19
Q

PTS TREATMENT

A

VALPROIC ACID (GENERALIZED SEIZURE), CARBAMAZEPINE (PARTIAL SEIZURE) AND KEPPRA

20
Q

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF CARBAMAZEPINE

A

SIADH

21
Q

MOST COMMON HYDROCEPHALUS IN TBI

A

COMMUNICATING, NORMAL PRESSURE

22
Q

HYPONATREMIA IN TBI

A

OCCURS IN THE FIRST 2 WEEKS POST TBI
SIADH: EUVOLEMIC. INAPPROPRIATE INCREASED ADH. Tx- FLUID RESTRICTION
CSW: HYPOVOLEMIC. APPROPRIATE INCREASED ADH. Tx- HYDRATION

23
Q

DIABETES INSIPIDUS

A

HYPERNATREMIA
EUVOLEMIC
Tx-DDAVP

24
Q

FAVORABLE EEG

A

RHYTHMIC THETA ACTIVITY. FRONTAL RHYTHMIC DELTA ACTIVITY. SPINDLE PATTERNS

25
Q

POOR PROGNOSIS EEG PATTERN

A

LOW AMPLITUDE DELTA. BURST SUPPRESSION. ISOELECTRIC ACTIVITY.

26
Q

TPA

A

3-4.5 WINDOW
BP LESS THAN 185/110
CONTRAINDICATIONS: MORE THAN 80 YEARS OLD, ANTICOAGULATION, NIHSS>25, MCA ISCHEMIA MORE THAN 1/3, Hx OF STROKE AND DM, SEIZURE DUE TO THE STROKE

27
Q

BROCA: FLUENCY, COMPREHENSION, REPETITION, LOCATION AND TEHRAPY

A

NO, YES, NO, LET SUPERIOR MCA INFERIOR FRONTAL AND MELODIC INTONATION THERAPY (MIT)

28
Q

WERNICKE’S: FLUENCY, COMPREHENSION, REPETITION AND LOCATION

A

YES, NO, NO, LEFT INFERIOR MCA POSTERIOR TEMPORAL

29
Q

GERTSMAN SYNDROME

A

AGRAFIA, AGNOSIA, ACALCULIA

30
Q

WALLENBERG

A

LATERAL MEDULLA, PICA, CN:IX AND X, ATAXIA, HORNER’S, SENSATION AT IPSIL FACE AND CONTRALATERAL HEMIBODY.
DON’T PICA HORSE THAT CAN’T SWALLOW

31
Q

MILLARD GUBLER

A

PONS, BASILAR, CN: VI, VII

32
Q

WEBER’S

A

MIDBRAIN, PCA, IPSIL CN III, CONTRALAT HEMIPARESIS

33
Q

PNF

A

DIAGONAL MOVEMENT

34
Q

BRUNSTROM

A

SYNERGISTIC PATTERNS

35
Q

BOBATH

A

INHIBITS PRIMITIVE PATTERN. FROM PROXIMAL TO DISTAL.

36
Q

ROOD APPROACH

A

SENSORIMOTOR APPROACH

37
Q

GOLD STANDARD STUDY FOR DYSPHAGIA

A

VIDEOFLUOROSCOPY, MODIFIED BARIUM

38
Q

RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY AFTER STROKE

A

BRAINSTEM INVOLVEMENT, CARDIAC DISEASE, CONSCIOUSNESS, DM, DELAYED MEDICAL CARE, HEMORRHAGIC STROKE, NURSING STROKE, STROKE SEVERITY, OLDER AGE, INCREASED BLOOD SUGAR.

39
Q

RISK FACTOR FOR NOT RETURNING TO WORK

A

LOW BARTHEL (FUNCTIONAL ADLs) AT DISCHARGE, PROLONGED REHAB LOS, APHASIA, PRIOR ALCOHOL ABUSE

40
Q

BRAIN MET

A

LUNG>BREAST>MELANOMA

41
Q

MOST COMMON MALIGNANT TUMOR IN CHILDREN

A

MEDULLOBLASTOMA

42
Q

MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOR IN CHILDREN

A

ASTROCYTOMA

43
Q

MOST COMMON MALIGNANT TUMOR IN ADULTS

A

GBM

PMR board (21 decks)

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