Mod2.0 Cabling&Physical Installation Flashcards
1)Modulation
2)Changing a transmission medium (electricity, light, or radio waves) to encode data.
2) Voltage Pulses
2) On/off electricity to send 1s and 0s, like a light switch.
3)Bandwith(narrow definition)
3)The range of frequencies a medium can support, measured in Hz.
Encoding Methods
Turning 1s and 0s into transmittable signals, like Morse code turns letters into dots and dashes.
Media Bandwith
The maximum data-carrying capacity of a given transmission medium.
Frequency
the number of signal cycles per second, measured in Hertz(HZ).
Bandwith(Networking Definition).
The data transfer rate, measured in bits per second(bps).
Media Access Control(MAC)
Rules for when devices can send data on shared networks to avoid collisions.
Collision Domain
A part of the network where data can crash into one another.
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection):
A method to detect and handle data collisions in wired networks.
Hub(in context of 10 BASE-T)
Repeats signals to all connected devices, creating a single, large collision domain.
10BASE-T
Older Ethernet Standard, often using hubs, prone to collisions.
What is a
a broadcast domain ?
Conceptual: Who hears the shout.
Concrete: The group of devices that receive a “Hey everyone!” message. Routers stop the shout; VLANs create separate “rooms” for shouting.
Collision
When two or more nodes transmit simultaneously, signals interfere.
Ethernet
Ethernet is shared network data without the collisions.
What is 100BASE-TX?
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) using Cat 5 or better twisted pair cables.
What does bandwidth refer to?
How much data can be sent at once.
What is baseband?
A cable dedicated to one type of signal.
What is CSMA/CD?
A method where devices listen before sending to avoid collisions. If a collision happens, they wait and try again.
What is a hub?
A basic device that sends data to everyone connected, causing potential collisions and shared bandwidth.
What is a switch?
A device that learns where each device is connected and sends data only to the right one, reducing collisions and giving each device its own bandwidth.
What is a collision domain?
A section of the network where devices compete for the same ‘airtime’ to send data. Hubs create one big collision domain; switches break it up.
What is autonegotiation?
Devices automatically agree on the fastest connection speed they can both use.
What is legacy technology?
Older tech still used but replaced by faster standards.
What is Fast Link Pulse?
An old signal for maintaining connections with older devices. Not needed with newer autonegotiation tech.
What does switching between high and low voltages represent?
It represents digital bits (1’s & 0’s).
What is 100BASE-TX?
A specific type of Fast Ethernet that provides 100 Mbps speed over twisted pair copper cables (Cat 5 or better).
What does Mbps mean?
A measure of data transfer speed. 100 Mbps = 100 million bits per second.
What does ‘baseband’ mean in 100BASE-TX?
The entire cable is dedicated to carrying only the Ethernet signal.
What type of cable does 100BASE-TX use?
Twisted pair copper cable, like Cat 5. Twisting reduces interference.
What is CSMA/CD?
A protocol used by 100BASE-TX to manage traffic. It ‘listens’ before ‘talking’ and handles collisions.
What is a hub?
An older device that forwards data to all connected devices, creating a single collision domain and limiting network performance.
What is a switch?
A device that learns which devices are connected to each port and sends data only to the intended recipient, creating separate collision domains and improving performance.
What is a collision domain?
An area of the network where only one device can transmit at a time. Switches reduce collision domains.
What is autonegotiation?
A feature that allows devices to automatically determine the fastest supported speed and mode (half- or full-duplex) and negotiate a compatible configuration.
What is a Fast Link Pulse?
A signal that allows devices to check for compatibility.
What does it mean for 100BASE-TX to be a legacy technology?
It’s still used in older installations, but new networks typically use faster technologies.
What is Gigabit Ethernet?
A standard providing 1,000 Mbps (1 Gbps) speed, requiring Cat 5e or better cabling and switches.
What is 10 GbE?
Ethernet providing 10,000 Mbps (10 Gbps) speed. Can have reduced copper cable distances.
What is 40 GbE?
Ethernet providing 40,000 Mbps (40 Gbps) speed.
What is Cat 5e cable?
Enhanced Category 5 cable, required for Gigabit Ethernet over copper.
What is UTP?
A type of copper cable with twisted wires but no shielding.
What is F/UTP?
A type of copper cable with twisted wires wrapped in foil for shielding.
What is S/FTP?
A type of copper cable with twisted and shielded wires for maximum interference protection.
What is backbone cabling?
High-capacity connections between core network devices like switches and routers.
What is Gbps?
A unit of measurement for data transfer rate. One gigabit is equal to 1,000,000,000 bits (one billion bits). So, 1 Gbps means one billion bits can be transmitted per second.
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Card 1: Front
Term: Distribution Frame (DF) / Patch Panel
Card 1: Back
Definition: Hardware assembly terminating cables. Central point for connection/re-routing via patch cords. Enables organization, flexibility, & troubleshooting.
Card 2: Front
Term: Duplex Fiber
Card 2: Back
Definition: 2 fiber strands: 1 transmit (Tx), 1 receive (Rx). Essential for two-way comms.
Card 3: Front
Term: Fiber Polarity (A to B)
Card 3: Back
Definition: Tx port connects to Rx port (crossover). Odd # of crossover elements. Prevents signal loss.
Card 4: Front
Term: UPC (Ultra Physical Contact)
Card 4: Back
Definition: Fiber connector finish; polished, slightly curved. Don’t mix w/ APC! SMF typically Blue.
Card 5: Front
Term: APC (Angled Physical Contact)
Card 5: Back
Definition: Fiber connector finish; angled polish. Don’t mix w/ UPC! Often not Ethernet port compatible. SMF typically Green.
Card 6: Front
Term: OM1 Fiber
Card 6: Back
Definition: Multimode Fiber. Orange jacket, beige connector.
Card 7: Front
Term: OM2 Fiber
Card 7: Back
Definition: Multimode Fiber. Orange jacket, black connector.
Card 8: Front
Term: OM3/OM4 Fiber
Card 8: Back
Definition: Multimode Fiber, laser-optimized. Aqua jacket & connector.
Card 9: Front
Term: SMF (Single-Mode Fiber)
Card 9: Back
Definition: Long-distance, high bandwidth fiber. Yellow jacket. Blue connector (UPC), Green connector (APC).
Card 10: Front
Term: Fiber Repeaters/Amplifiers
Card 10: Back
Definition: Strengthen fiber signals over long distances, counteracting degradation.
Using the Simplified Cards:
These cards are designed for rapid recall. Focus on the acronyms and key words. Remember to link the definitions to the practical applications you learn about in your Network+ studies.
