Mod1-Lesson1 Flashcards
He claimed that life is worthless without striving to know and understand ourselves.
Socrates
What phrase did Socrates invented
“Know Thyself”
What does knowing thyself means?
A person must stand and live according to his/her nature.
What role does Socrates often play?
Role of a Questioner
He emphasizes that “justice in the human person can only be attained if the three parts of the soul are working harmoniously with one another.”
Plato
What is plato?
A Dualist
He claimed that the soul (mind) itself is divided into three parts and that person differs as to which part of their nature is predominant:
Rational Soul
Spirited Soul
Appetitive Soul
– reason;
– seeks philosophical and knowledge
Rational Soul
– will, emotion, passion;
– victory loving and seek reputation
Spirited Soul
- physical urges;
– profit-loving and seeking material gain
Appetitive Soul
According to Plato, was the highest and ultimate aim of both moral thought and behavior.
Eudaimonia
He believed that the body possessed senses, such as imagination, memory, reason, and mind through which the soul experienced the world. And the senses can only grasp/feel the temporal objects in the material world, yet the immaterial but intangible God can only be clear to the mind if one tune into his/her immaterial self/soul.
St. Augustine
of Hippo
He agreed with Plato that human being is dualistic, and he then combined his beliefs in the newfound doctrine of
Christianity.
St. Augustine
of Hippo
The soul makes the human different from the animals as the soul is what animates the body, it is what makes us humans.
Thomas
Aquinas
He elucidates that man is composed of two parts:
- Matter
- Form
Refers to the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe.
Matter
Refers to the essence of a substance or thing, it is what makes it what it is.
Form
A French philosopher and considered as the father of
modern Western philosophy.
Rene Descartes
What is Rene Descartes’s famous line?
“Cogito ergu sum” or “I think therefore I am”
He stressed that everything that
can be perceived by the senses through the body could
NOT be used as proof of existence and there is only one
thing that one could be sure of in this world and that is doing?
The act of Doubting
He introduced the concept of the “tabula rasa” or “blank
slate. It means that the human mind at birth is like a blank
slate that has not been written on, meaning it does not
possess innate ideas, knowledge, or pre-existing content.
John Locke
What did Locke insisted?
That a person could only be held accountable for behaviors he/she can remember.
Locke believed that the self is identified with?
Consciousness
A Scottish Enlightenment philosopher who highlights empiricism. Empiricism is the school of thought that suggests that knowledge can only be possible if sensed and experienced.
Dave Hume
