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UTS > Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is one of the most famous and influential thinkers in psychology known for psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

What is the main idea of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

A

Behavior is determined by powerful inner forces, most of which are buried in the unconscious mind.

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3
Q

What does the term “psyche” refer to in psychology?

A

The totality of the human mind, including both conscious and unconscious aspects.

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4
Q

What analogy did Freud use to describe the levels of mental life?

A

An iceberg, where the conscious mind is the tip, and the unconscious mind is the hidden, larger part.

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5
Q

What are the three levels of the human mental life according to Freud?

A

Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious Mind.

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6
Q

It consists of all mental processes of which you are aware, like feeling hungry and deciding to eat.

A

conscious mind

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7
Q

It contains thoughts and feelings that are not currently in consciousness but can easily be recalled, like remembering your phone number when asked.

A

preconscious mind

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8
Q

It consists of mental processes that are inaccessible to consciousness but influence judgments, feelings, and behavior, and it is the primary source of human behavior.

A

unconscious mind

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9
Q

Why did Freud consider the unconscious mind the most important part of the mind?

A

Because it contains drives, urges, and instincts that strongly influence feelings, motives, and decisions.

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10
Q

How is the conscious mind represented in Freud’s iceberg analogy?

A

As the tip of the iceberg, representing present awareness.

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11
Q

What is contained in the preconscious mind according to Freud?

A

Thoughts and memories that can easily be brought into consciousness.

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12
Q

What characterizes the unconscious mind in Freud’s theory?

A

Drives, urges, and instincts that are beyond awareness but serve as the source of motivation.

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13
Q

What is a simple way to remember Freud’s levels of mental life?

A

Conscious = Present Awareness, Preconscious = Available Memory, Unconscious = Beyond Awareness.

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14
Q

What three provinces of the mind did Freud introduce in the 1920s?

A

The Id, Ego, and Superego.

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15
Q

How do the Ego, Superego, and Id interact with the three levels of mental life?

A

The Ego has conscious, preconscious, and unconscious components; the Superego is both preconscious and unconscious; the Id is completely unconscious.

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16
Q

The most primitive, chaotic, and completely unconscious part of the mind, driven by basic instincts like sex and aggression.

A

The Id

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17
Q

What principle governs the Id, according to Freud?

A

The Pleasure Principle.

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18
Q

Balances the demands of the Id and Superego, serving as the only part of the mind in contact with reality.

A

The Ego

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19
Q

What principle governs the Ego?

A

The Reality Principle.

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20
Q

Represents moral and ideal aspects, demanding perfection and punishing the Ego for moral lapses.

A

The Superego

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21
Q

What principle governs the Superego?

A

The Moral Principle.

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22
Q

What are the two aspects of the Superego?

A

Conscience (what one shouldn’t do but does otherwise) and Ego-ideal (what one should do but fails to do).

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23
Q

What happens when the Ego cannot control the Id’s impulses?

A

It creates neurotic anxiety, which can manifest through phobias, performance anxiety, obsessions, or compulsions

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24
Q

What happens when the Ego is threatened by the Superego?

A

It creates moral anxiety due to the Superego’s demands for moral behavior.

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25
Q

Strategies the Ego uses to distort reality and protect a person from anxiety.

A

defense mechanisms

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26
Q

A permanent attachment to an earlier stage of life.

A

Fixation

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27
Q

An exaggerated opposite reaction to something that causes discomfort.

A

Reaction Formation

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28
Q

The act of “forgetting” or burying unwanted thoughts in the unconscious.

A

Repression

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29
Q

A brief return to an earlier stage of life to feel safe.

A

Regression

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30
Q

Adopting others’ standards to reduce feelings of inferiority.

A

Introjection

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31
Q

Redirecting emotions or impulses onto someone else.

A

Displacement

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32
Q

Attributing one’s own undesirable traits or feelings onto others.

A

Projection

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33
Q

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities or achievements.

A

Sublimation

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34
Q

Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development?

A

Erik Erikson.

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35
Q

What are the three interrelated aspects of the Ego according to Erikson?

A

Body ego, Ego ideal, and Ego identity.

36
Q

The experiences with our body and the way we see our physical self as different from others.

A

Body ego

37
Q

The image we have of ourselves in comparison with an established ideal.

A

Ego ideal

38
Q

The image we have of ourselves in the variety of social roles we play.

A

Ego identity

39
Q

It states that psychosocial stages of development occur in a specific order and at the appropriate time for each stage.

A

Epigenetic Principle

40
Q

What is the central feature of each psychosocial stage according to Erikson?

A

An identity crisis that must be resolved to promote positive personality development.

41
Q

What is the favorable outcome of Erikson’s stage during infancy?

A

Trust

42
Q

What is the unfavorable outcome of Erikson’s stage during infancy?

A

Mistrust

43
Q

What is the psychosocial strength developed in infancy according to Erikson?

A

Hope

44
Q

Who is considered the father of American psychology?

A

William James.

45
Q

What are the two elements of the self according to William James?

A

The I-self (subjective self) and the Me-self (objective self).

46
Q

The subjective self, also known as the pure ego, responsible for knowing who you are and initiating actions.

A

I-self

47
Q

The objective self, consisting of the material, social, and spiritual aspects of a person.

A

Me-self

48
Q

What are the three aspects of the Me-self according to William James?

A

The material self, the social self, and the spiritual self.

49
Q

The self as it relates to social interactions and relationships.

A

social self

50
Q

According to William James, how many social selves does a person have?

A

As many social selves as there are individuals who recognize them and carry an image of them.

51
Q

What psychosocial strength is developed in adolescence according to Erikson?

A

Fidelity

52
Q

What is the unfavorable outcome of Erikson’s stage during young adulthood?

A

Isolation

53
Q

What psychosocial strength is developed in adulthood according to Erikson?

A

Care

54
Q

What is the central conflict in old age according to Erikson’s theory?

A

Integrity vs. Despair.

55
Q

The part of the self that includes everything a person feels ownership over, such as their body, family, and possessions

A

material self

56
Q

The self that relates to personal feelings, thoughts, and inner experiences.

A

spiritual self

57
Q

What stage in Erikson’s theory is characterized by the conflict between Generativity and Stagnation?

A

Adulthood

58
Q

According to William James, what does the I-self contribute to?

A

A sense of identity, continuity, and awareness of being a unique individual.

59
Q

What is the top level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Self-Actualization

60
Q

What is the second level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs after physiological needs?

A

Safety

61
Q

Which need focuses on companionship and social connections in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Love and Belonging

62
Q

What need follows the fulfillment of love and belonging in Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A

Esteem

63
Q

What are the two categories of self in Carl Rogers’ theory of self-actualization?

A

Ideal Self and Real Self

64
Q

What happens when a person’s ideal self and real self are congruent, according to Carl Rogers?

A

The person can self-actualize and become a fully functioning person.

65
Q

The basic force of life that motivates a person to fulfill their potential and better themselves.

A

actualizing tendency

66
Q

What is the term for when a person refuses to acknowledge an experience in Carl Rogers’ theory?

A

Denial

67
Q

Misinterpreting an experience to fit it into one’s self-concept.

A

distortion

68
Q

How does Maslow describe the physiological needs?

A

As basic biological needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep.

69
Q

What type of anxiety occurs when there is minimal overlap between the real and ideal self?

A

Incongruence causes difficulty in achieving self-actualization.

70
Q

What is the lowest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Physiological needs

71
Q

According to Maslow, what happens after a person fulfills their need for safety?

A

They seek love and belonging.

72
Q

What is the primary focus of self-actualization in Maslow’s theory?

A

Realizing one’s potential and pursuing personal growth.

73
Q

What principle is associated with how people interact with reality, according to Carl Rogers?

A

Actualizing tendency

74
Q

What is the key concept Carl Rogers introduced to describe a person’s true potential?

A

Self-Actualization

75
Q

What is the overlap between a person’s real self and ideal self in Carl Rogers’ theory?

A

Congruence

76
Q

What psychological development is the ultimate goal of human life, according to Maslow?

A

Self-actualization

77
Q

Who proposed the theory of true and false self?

A

Dr. Donald Winnicott

78
Q

A sense of self; who you really are and the one who experiences being alive.

A

True Self

79
Q

It serves as a protective shield for the vulnerable True Self.

A

False Self

80
Q

It develops when individuals feel their needs and desires are unacceptable and learn to be compliant.

A

False Self

81
Q

What example illustrates the development of the False Self in infants?

A

An infant cries for attention but learns to claim they don’t need anyone when their needs are not met.

82
Q

What emotional state may arise from consistently acting according to the False Self?

A

Feeling empty or unsatisfied without understanding why.

83
Q

What crucial aspect influences the development of the True Self according to Winnicott?

A

Early relationships with parents, caretakers, and family.

84
Q

Can individuals live successfully with an active False Self?

A

Yes, but they may feel deeply unsatisfied

85
Q

How does Winnicott suggest one can reconnect with their True Self?

A

By recognizing and addressing their early experiences and needs.

86
Q

What does Winnicott imply about the connection between the True Self and personal fulfillment?

A

Authenticity leads to fulfillment, while reliance on the False Self results in emptiness.

UTS (5 decks)

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