MOD E Tech 52 Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmacokinetics
•It examines whether a drug is getting to its site of action through the processes of:
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
Absorption
Whatever the route of administration, a drug must be absorbed across different cell membranes
First Pass Metabolism
•Pharmacology may be described as the study of chemicals or drugs that interact with the human body. This interaction can be described in two ways:
•Pharmacokinetics – what the body does to drugs
•
•Pharmacodynamics – what drugs do to the body
Drug Routes
–Transdermal
–Oral
–Buccal/Sublingual
–Rectal (PR)
–Intramuscular/Subcutaneous
–Inhaled/nebulised
–Intranasal
–Intravenous
–Intraosseous
•State, using reference material, the actions of the following drugs:
- Adrenaline 1:1000
- Aspirin
- Glyceryl Trinitrate
- Glucagon
- Glucose Oral Gel
- Salbutamol
- Atrovent
- Narcan
- Paracetamol Suspension
Glyceryl Trinitrate
A potent vasodilator resulting in:•
•Dilation of coronary arteries/relief of coronary spasm
- Dilation of systemic veins reulting in lowered pre-load
- Reduced blood pressure
- Indicated for cardiac chest pain and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Ibuprofen
- Analgesic (pain relieving), antipyretic (temperature reducing) and anti-inflammatory (soft tissue injury) drug.
- NSAIDS suppress pain, swelling and increased blood flow associated with inflammation
Other Sites of Drug Action
Glucagon
•Glucagon is a hormone that induces conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, thereby raising the blood glucose level
•
•Indicated for use in hypoglycaemia where blood glucose <4.0 mml/l or if hypoglycaemia suspected and oral glucose administration is not possible
Paracetamol
•Analgesic (pain relieving) and antipyretic (temperature reducing) drug.
•
•Indicated for relief of mild to moderate pain and/or high temperature
•Identify the different route/methods of drug administration
•
•Which method produces the quickest effect?
Nsaids
non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Adrenaline 1:1000
- Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic that stimulates both alpha (α) and beta (β) adrenergic receptors.
- Enhances myocardial and cerebral blood flow during CPR
- Reverses allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxsis
- Releives bronchospasm in acute severe asthma
Nerve Agent Antidote Kit
Drug Distribution
Drug Metabolism
Tech drugs
Receptors
(ADME)
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
Receptors
- “Lock and Key”
- Drugs can be the same chemical shape as naturally occurring ligands
- They can act in three ways:
•
1.Agonist
Binds to receptors and produces an effect
2.Antagonist
Binds to receptors and stops an effect
3.Partial Agonist
Binds to receptors and produces a partial effect, but stops the binding of a “full agonist”
Medicine Management Policy
Pharmacodynamics
4 main sites of drug action:
- Receptors (α, β, μ etc…)
- Enzymes
- Ion Channels
4Carriers
Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide)
•Ipratropium Bromide is an antimuscarinic bronchodilator.
Indications
•Acute severe or life threatening asthma
•
•Acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol
•
•Exacerbation of COPD, unresponsive to salbutamol
Aspirin
•Has an anti-platelet action which reduces clot formation
•
•Analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory
•
•Used for adults with clinical or ECG evidence of myocardial infarction or ischaemia
Salbutamol
- Salbutamol is a selective beta 2 (β2) adrenoreceptor stimulant drug.
- This has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscle in the medium and smaller airways, which are in spasm in acute asthma attacks.
•
Indications
- Acute asthma when normal inhaler therapy has failed to relieve symptoms
- Expiratory wheezing associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, other lower airway cause
- Exacerbation of COPD
- Shortness of breath due to LVF
Excretion
Define the term Pharmacology
Pharmacology the science of the nature and preparation of drugs and particularly of their effects on the body. (Bailliere’s Nurse’s Dictionary 23rd ed.)
OR
Pharmacology may be described as the study of chemicals or drugs that interact with the human body. (IHCD Paramedic Training Manual Section 10, Drugs and Pharmacology)
Receptors
Narcan (Naloxone Hydrochloride)
•Narcan antagonises the effects of opioid drugs. It is an antagonist.
Indications
•Respiratory depression, depression of cardiovascular system and central nervous system depression associated with opioid overdose
Glucogel (Hypostop, Glucose 40% Gel)
•Rapid absorption through the buccal mucosa resulting in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels.
•
•Indicated in hypoglycaemia in a patient with sufficient level of consciousness for there to be no risk of choking or aspiration
