MOD E Tech 37 Disease Information Flashcards
1
Q
Infectious Diseases
A
Infection is a pathological process that involves the damaging of body tissues by biological agents or the toxic substances they produce
2
Q
Pathogens
A
3
Q
A
4
Q
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
A
5
Q
•State how diseases are transmitted and identify methods directed at preventing transmission
A
6
Q
How Diseases are Transmitted
A
7
Q
Define the following terms
A
- Contacts
- Endemic
- Epidemic
- Pandemic
- Sporadic
- Fomites
- Incubation Period
- Quarantine
- Immunity
- Vector
8
Q
•Identify, and briefly describe, the 3 types of ectoparasite commonly encountered as infestations in the UK.
A
- Colonisation of a patient by an animal parasite
- Majority of infestations by organisms living in or on the skin (Ectoparasites)
- Scabies, lice & fleas most common types in UK
- The risk of becoming infested with scabies and lice through patient contact is limited due to the requirement for extended periods of close contact
Universal Precautions will reduce the likelihood of infestation
9
Q
Scabies
A
- Scabies mites burrow under the skin and lay eggs
- Excreta and saliva can produce allergic reaction – rash
- Spread by direct, prolonged skin to skin contact with infested person.
- Can also be spread by sharing clothing and bedding
10
Q
Lice
A
- Wingless insects – minute but visible to naked eye
- Found worldwide as ectoparasites of mammals
- 550 species – only 3 known to infest humans
11
Q
Fleas
A
- Human, cat & dog – most commonly seen.
- Cat flea accounts for 95% of flea problems in UK.
- Cat and dog flea will not normally remain on a human – will jump on to a person, bite and jump off
- Not generally responsible for disease transmission in the UK
12
Q
Blood Borne Viruses (BBV)
A
- Hepatitis B (HBV)
- Hepatitis C (HCV)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Transmitted through blood, other body fluids and tissues
- “Needlestick” injury presents greatest risk in healthcare setting
- Not all patients with BBV will have been diagnosed
- Employ Universal Precautions
13
Q
HIV and AIDS
A
- A person infected with HIV can develop Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- First reported case in UK in 1981
- People with HIV infection usually termed “HIV positive” (HIV+)
14
Q
For HIV and AIDS identify:
- Methods of transmission
- Groups at risk
- Recognition
A
15
Q
Those at Risk
A
•Every sexually active person
Social Groups at Particular Risk:
- Homosexual and bisexual men
- Drug users who share needles
- People who received transfusions of infected blood or blood products
- Sexual partners of the above groups
Babies of HIV positive mothers
16
Q
A
18
Q
Sharps Injury
A
