Mod 9b Flashcards by Liv Rodger

in edu context, hearing aid, has residual hearing to process linguistic information through audition

hard hearing

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people who are deaf are unable to hear sounds at ____ decibels or more

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people who are hard of hearing are unable to hear sounds ______ 90db

below

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in educational context, cant process ling info with/without hearing aid

deaf

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when someone is born deaf

congenitally deaf

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when someone becomes deaf after birth

ADVENTITIOUSLY DEAF

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deafness * occurs at birth or before the dev of speech and language

pre lingual deaf

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deafness after language dev, typically 12-24mo difference

post lingual

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hearing threshold levels focus on hearing ____, ____ on speech and _____ ability

sensitivity, stress, language

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more than — of kids getting spec ed for hearing come from diverse backgrounds, IN na MANY non English speaking immigrants = deaf

50%,

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this part of the ear has the auricle, external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane

outer ear

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this part of the ear has OSSICLES(3 little bones)
‣ Malleus
‣ Stapes
‣ Oval Window

middle ear

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this part of the ear has the vestibular mechanism, ‣ 3 semi cirle canals (snails) 2 fluid filled cavity, fluid moves when ossicles move and fluid is changed into electrical impulses
accounts for balance too, not only sound , is affected by ear fluid
and the cochlea

inner ear

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Establishes hearing at different frequencies (e.g., 250 Hz)
‣ * Usually measure 0 dB to 110 dB
‣ * For each frequency, the audiologist records a measure of degree of hearing
‣ impairment.
‣ each ear tested seperately

◦ PURE TONE AUDIOMETRY

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during _____, ‣ use computer to measure OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS which indicate how well cochlea is functioning by giving auditory stimulation
‣ this is done when newborn - very important
* follow up needs to be done at 3 and 6mo
* part of well baby visits
* intervention starts at 6 months if hearing impairment
* without follow up not many are identified until school age

screening

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‣ tests detection and understanding of speech.
‣ * Speech reception threshold (SRT): the decibel level at which a person can
‣ understand speech

◦ SPEECH AUDIOMETRY

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the ____ ___ ____ _____ (sound banana)* helps to see if loss is conductive, sensoryneural or both
* pure tone audio tests can be transferred here to see whats above (cant hear, soft sounds) or below (can hear)
* most concern of speech banana because where most social stuff happens

audiogram of familiar sounds

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larger the db, larger the ____

sound

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sound is painful at _____ or louder

125dB

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the lowest level at which people with normal hearing
can hear

Audiometric zero

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number of vibrations per unit of time for sound wave* measured in cycles/second or hertz (Hz); 1 Hz = 1 cycle/second

freq/pitch (hz)

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Frequencies: we can hear frequencies from____ _____ Hz; many of
these audible sounds are outside the speech range

20 – 20,000 Hz

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the energy range most important for hearing speech sounds range
* from

500 – 2,000 Hz

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◦ low pitch sounds ___, ◦ high pitch sounds______

250-500hz, 1000-5000- most consonant letters stfsh

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◦ interference with the transfer of sound along the conductive pathway of the middle or outer ear, ◦ outer ear = not as serious but can cause issues/hearing impairment (______, _______, ______)

conductive loss, atresia, external otitis, tumours

conductive loss in the middle ear includes problems with ____ and ____

ossicles, otitis media (Eustachian tubes)

sensironeural problems are usually in ______ ear. greater than _____ dis = inner ear problem

inner,60

Most inner ear impairments are _____, the ____ ___ gene is the most congenital cause

genetic, connexin 26

most frequent non-genetic cause of deafness in infants)

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)(Herpes)

the most severely affected area of development in deaf people

* language comprehension and speech development

◦ children who get deaf _____ understand language and have more _____than congenital

better, advantage

children profoundly deaf can have hard time hearing grown up speech so learning through immitation is ____

limited

ASL ____ translate to British Sign Language

doesnt

t/f - sign language is a true language that has grammatical complexity at the word and sentence level and there can be different dialects

Five Parameters of ASL

Handshape, Location, Movement, , new ones = Orientation (palm orientation), and Facial Expressions and/or Non-manual Markers (mouthing, shoulder shrugs).

t/f - deaf kids reach milestones at sign language like those with spoken language at around same time and can even have more vocabulary

communication is at around _____ to ____ dbs in the speech banana

30-45

according to the audiogram of familiar sounds, a dog barking can be heard at ____ db and _____ hz, but you _____ hear speech banana

70, 250, cant

in the audiogram of familiar sounds, the speech banana is of big concern because it is where most

social communication happens

the audiogram of familiar sounds helps to see if hearing loss is ____ , ____ or both

conductive, sensorineural

the decibel level at which a person can understand speech

Speech reception threshold (SRT)

the _______ hemisphere of the brain is the neuro foundation of ASL, like spoken language

left

for intellectual ability and deafness, performance tests administered in sign offer a ____ assessment and show that there ___ difference in IQ

fairer, inst

t/f - in tests for deaf people, Multiple measures (including non-verbal performance tests) are used to assess intellectual ability, use ASL skill standardized tests

most children with hearing loss perform significantly _____ compared to hearing classmates

worse

for academic achievement, * deaf kids with deaf parents usually are _______ off

better

because of the significant low academic achievement compared to hearing classmates, deaf students benefit from explicit _____ based instruction as _____ and ____ awareness are characteristics of students who have reading impairments

phonics, phonological, phonemic

Students with hearing impairment are at risk of social interaction problems, so including ___ _____ for all students can help all have social adjustment

sign language

socially, deaf ____ have a harder time making friends

girls

____ % of deaf kids have hearing parents, they have more risk of ____ beacuse they dont fit in at home

90, unhappiness

Factors demarcating the Deaf community as a culture:

* Linguistic differentiation * Attitudinal deafness * Behavioural norms * Endogamous marital patterns ◦ marrying in a specific group/culture/ethnic groups * Historical awareness * Voluntary organizational networks * common bond of sign langusge

cochlear implants include a ___ ___ and _____, can be placed as early as ___ and result in better speech and language production, however many in the Deaf community ______ like it. recommended for _____ ___ loss

microphone, speech processor, colid, 12mo, dont, sensurineural bilaterla

done to see how likely one will have a deaf child and potentially decrease the chances.Deaf culture dont like but on other hand like using it to see if there carrying the connection ___ gene

genetic engineering debate, 26

teaching speech

oralism

teaching manual communication

manualism

promotes ASL as first language and supports instruction in Deaf culture article - rather than having speech interventions, should have language interventions so they can communicate

bicultural bilingualism

teaching both manual communication and speech

total communication or simultaneous communication

* approach focuses exclusively on using audition to improve speech and language development; relies heavily on amplification technology, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants; emphasizes speech traini

auditory verbal approach

* Focus on visual cues (speechreading, mouth movements and cued speech)

auditory oral approach

involves teaching children to use visual information to understand what is being said to them; the goal is to teach students to attend to a variety of stimuli in addition to specific movements of the lips

speech reading

aids speechreading in people with hearing impairment; the speaker uses eight handshapes as cues for certain consonants, and four locations near the mouth serve as cues for vowel

cued speech

different sounds that are visually identical when spoken; speech readers cannot tell the difference between the pronunciation of p, b, and m * Speakers vary in how they produce sounds * Factors such as poor lighting, rapid speaking, and talking with one’s head turned impact speechreading

homophenes

criticism for oral approaches (aud verbal and oral) include that it is ____ to learn bc of ______ and the ___ language

hard, homophemes, english

a total communication approach used simultaneously with oral methods in the total communication approach to teaching students who are deaf; differs from American Sign Language because the signs maintain the same word order as spoken English (signed english systems, not a language). ◦ not true languages so not same benefits ◦ unsatisfaction with use more than ASL ◦ too slow and awkward to benefit

signing English systems

the representation of letters of the English alphabet by finger positions, is also used occasionally to spell out certain words. * Maintains syntax of English (not a language, does not have its own syntax) * Less fluent than ASL total communication approach

fingerspelling

fluency in asl ____ with language learning. ____ be fostered because natural and efficient way for deaf students to interact with world

helps, should

according to the bicultural bilingual approach (3)

1. ASL is considered the primary language 2. People who are deaf help develop program and curriculum 3. Curriculum includes instruction in Deaf culture

deaf community are critical of inclusion because of (2)

culture deficit (lack of deaf peers) social deficit (no kids to sign with)

t/f - for deaf kids in inclusive education, it doesnt depend on individual but the classmates

f 0 individually varies

Cottage Acquisition Scales of Listening Language and Speech (CASLLS) and Visual Communication and Sign Language Checklist (VCSL) assess ____ for deaf kids

ability to communicate

◦ Curriculum-based measurement ◦ STAR Reading, Math, & Early Literacy Assessments are ways of _____ for deaf kids academic skills

progress monitoring

Children who are deaf, with parents who are deaf, tend to do ____ than those with parents who are hearing (asl at same rate)

better

* kid with cochlear implant may fare better when parents are _____

responsive

hearing parents shouldn't sign with their deaf child (t or f)

f - they should it shows they care about language and their Childs community (deaf)

t/f - no programs are available for deaf people in North America

f - there are 100+

Mod 9b Flashcards

(75 cards)