mod 7 Flashcards
_______ defined autism is different from schiziophre ia and involves unique language patterns (echolalia), never making soc connections and no deterioration in functioning over time
kanner
_________ said that autism involves average intelligence and normal language but an obsessive preoccupation in narrow pursuits
asperger
DSM 5 2 domains of autism:
social communication impairment
repetitive/restrictive behaviours
in autism, deficits start in _____ _____, even if ____ diagnosed until later
early childhood, not
the dsm 5 ____ recognize Aspergers as seperate from autism, refers to asd as an ______ term
doesnt, umbrella
social communication disorder _____ used in place of aspergers when there _____ restricted/repetitive behaviour
is, isnt
jimmy has average intelligence, but has a hard time using language socially, using gestures appropriately or following conversation norms. he however doesnt have repetitive or restricted behaviour. what does he have?
Social communication disorders (what used to be aspergers)
in 2020, one in ____ 8 year olds had autism which is a __x increase since the 2000s
54, 2
1 in ___ children in canada have asd
66
prevalence in autism is ____ times higher in ____. maybe due to ___ and ___.
4.3, boys, bias, biology
autism ID is ____in latino populations from all ses levels and is ______ in black populations at low ses
lower, lower
growth in prevalence could be due to the ______ criteria for ______ (recognizing _____ ____), more public ________ and ______ _____, where individuals being id’d with autism previously were diagnosed with intel disabilities
widening, diagnosis, high functioning, awareness, diagnostic substitution
early theories of autism include _____ and ______ basis (Asperger and manner), _____ (Bettelheim refrigerator mothers), _______ parents, ______ vaccines
bio, hereditary, psychoanalysis, blaming, blaming
autism is associated with ____in parts of the brain, such as neuronal ________ in the _____ and _____ lobes
deficits, under connectivity, occipital, frontal
t autism is associated with ______ size (abnormally _____ rates of brain growth in the first _____ years of life when the brain is trying to organize itself)
brain/head, high, 2
autism is associated with ____ _____ , as these children usually have ____ issues because of it
intestine microflora. gastro
it is _____ greater for a younger sibling to get autism if older has. when identical twin has autism, chances are ____ that other twin will also have com[ared to fraternal twins
15%, higher
___ ___ mutation is thought to be associated with autism and is where small gene mutations - spontaneous ____ or ____ of material can result in autism
sporadic gene, deletion, duplication
food contaminants and toxins are often ____ with autism
associated
when identifying autism, psychiatrists use APA criteria which assesses ____ skills, _____ interactions, and ________/_______ behaviours. they also use _____ observation and ____ lists
communication, social, repetitive/stereotyped, behavioural, checklists
the “gold standard” for diagnosing autism; the use of _________ and ______ ____.
checklists, behavioural observation
the _____ involves observing the child in multiple semi structured play activities , while the ____ is used to interview caregivers about kids functioning in language/communication, social interaction and restricted/repetitive/stereotypes behaviours
ADOS2. revised ADI-R
physical screenings for ASD should start between ___ and ___ mo
18 and 24
autistic regression occurs in about 1 in _ cases
3
individuals with ASD have issues with ______ ____ and ___ -___
social interactions, social communication
_____ ____ ____ is key to understanding the impact of impaired social communication in ASD
level of severity
Initiating and maintaining a conversation can be difficult for people with ASD who
are verbal is an example of ___ _____ ___
a deficit in social responsiveness
Deficits in social communication skills
appear ____ in children who
become identified as having ASD
early
the process by which one
person alerts another to a stimulus via
non-verbal means, such as gazing or
pointing . develops in first 12-18months, purpose is to share an experience, children with asd often lack
Joint attention
children with asd often ____ communicative intent. ___ and ___ skills may begin to develop slowly or never develop. people with severe language impairments show abnormalities in ____, ____, ____ and ____ of oral language
lack, speech, language, intonation, rate, volume, content
reversal of pronouns (confusing you and I or refer to self as he or she) , is common in children with asd
echolalia
a child who has a hard time reading social cues is an example of the ___ ___
hidden curriculum
- Research found that for children with ASD, being bullied often leads to _____ mental health problems , such as depression and anxiety.
internalizing
people with ASDs may have _______ ritualistic motor behaviours , such as, staring, rocking, finger flapping, hitting oneself; may display ____ ___ ____ and_____ with objects
repetitive, restricted range of interests, preoccupation/fascination
Atypical Responses to Sensations in asd: can manifest as being _______ or ______ to environmental stimuli; the _____ of sensitivity makes the response to sensations ____
Senses that might be affected are sight, sound, taste, smell, touch, balance
(equilibrioception) and body awareness (proprioception)
hyporespontsive, hyperresponsive, degree, unusual
sensation that occurs when the stimulation of one sensory or cognitive system results in the stimulation of another sensory or cognitive system
Synaesthesia
individual displays behaviours characteristic of ASD but also has remarkable skills or talents (e.g., musical, math, artistic talents)
Autism Savant Syndrome
video game usage of children with ASD is ____ likely to become compulsive; youth with ASD spend ___ time using social media
more, less
the inclination to bring order and meaning to information by perceiving it as a whole. individuals with ASD struggle to see the “big picture” and may not want coherence of perceptions
Central Coherence
ability to plan ahead in a thoughtful way is sabotaged by problems with
* Working memory * Inhibitory control or behavioural inhibition * Mental flexibility in ASD
Executive Functioning
taking the perspective of other people; ability to read social cues Individuals with ASD have difficulty with:
* Perspective-taking * Reading others’ intentions, feelings, beliefs, and desires * Reading social cues to infer what others are thinking
theory of mind
ch with asd need _______ ____ _ ____:: structured, teacher-led lessons presented in small steps, and, in small groups with frequent teacher questioning,
opportunities to respond, and feedbac
Direct instruction of skills:
grounded in behavioural learning theory, ABA is a comprehensive approach that emphasizes positive reinforcement (rewarding of desired behaviours)
Applied behavioural analysis
____ ___ ___ _ __ involves * Consequences refer to the purpose the behaviour serves for the individual.
* Antecedents refer to things that trigger the behaviour.
* Setting events are the contextual factors in which the behaviour occurs
Positive Behavioural Intervention and Support (PBIS)
