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Dental Hygiene III > Mod 9 Test 2 > Flashcards

Mod 9 Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is xerostomia a result of

A

polypharmacy, systemic conditions, nerve damage

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2
Q

what is xerostomia

A

pt perception of oral dryness

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3
Q

how many people experience dry mouth

A

1 in 4

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4
Q

what does xerostomia increase to in people over 55

A

40%

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5
Q

what are the top 10 medications that cause xerostomia

A

lipitor, hydrocodone/acetominophen, toporol, norvasc, amoxicillin, synthroid, nexium, lexapro, and albuterol

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6
Q

xerostomia is a _______

A

condition (not a disease)

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7
Q

what are some risk factors for dry mouth

A

canter tx, diabetes, hormones and stress, autoimmune disorders (sjogrens,aids, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus)

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8
Q

what can a sonicare tb do for dry mouth

A

helps to increase salivary flow

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9
Q

what are clinical signs of xerostomia

A 
-inflammation
tissue is tight and shiny
secondary infections
increase in caries
halitosis
painful cracked lips
loss of taste
difficulty swallowing
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10
Q

what home care would you give for a mouth breather

A

fluoride, biotene, sonicare, extrasoft tb, xylitol gum

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11
Q

saliva is _____% water

A

99

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12
Q

how many other components of saliva are there

A

60

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13
Q

what are some of the other substances contained in salvia

A 
buffering agents
enzymes
minerals
electrolytes
proteins
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14
Q

What are the functions of saliva

A
  • lubricate and protect
  • buffer and clean
  • tooth integrity
  • antibacterial
  • taste and digestion
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15
Q

what are important factors to look for when checking saliva

A
  • pt report
  • flow rate
  • consistency (watery vs thick)
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16
Q

what is an unstimulated flow rate

A

pull the lip out and see how long it takes for saliva to come back

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17
Q

what are the dental impacts of dry mouth

A

higher decay rate
increase in tooth loss
secondary infection
increase effects of perio

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18
Q

what are the psychological impacts of xerostomia

A

quality of life
nutritional impact
non compliance iwth medications

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19
Q

which salivary gland produces the most saliva

A

submand–>parotid –> minor glands –>sublingal

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20
Q

what is sialometry

A

measurement of salivary flow rate below acceptable clinical levels

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21
Q

What saliva tests can be completed chairside

A

saliva check (wax cup, litmus paper), CRT buffer test

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22
Q

What is pathogen specific testing of saliva

A

take a sample collection, incubated for 48 hrs

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23
Q

what is the normal stimulated salivary flow?

unstimulated?

A

1-3 ml/min

.25-.35 ml/min

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24
Q

what is abnormally low stimulated salivary flow

A

1-.7ml/min

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25
Q

what is a hypofunction stimulated salivary flow

A

below .7 ml/min

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26
Q

what is a low unstimulated salivary flow

A

.1-.25 ml/min

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27
Q

what is a hypofunction unstimulated salivary flow

A

less than .1 ml/min

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28
Q

what is a health pH of the mouth

A

6.7 to 7.4

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29
Q

what is an abnormal ph of the mouth

A

5.5 to 4.5 acidic

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30
Q

what is the normal amt of saliva production per day

A

1 to 1.5 liters

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31
Q

what are some prescription meds used in drymouth tx

A

pilocarpine, fluorides

32
Q

what are some OTC products used in tx of dry mouth

A

-saliva substitutes
-xylitol gums and rinses
sonic and ultrasonic tb
power toothbrushes

33
Q

what is dentinal hypersensitivity

A

an exaggerated response to a sensory stimulus

34
Q

in the US how many people have dentinal hypersensitivity

A

one in five

35
Q

what kinds of things will be ruled out in a differential diagnosis for determining a pt has dentinal hypersensitivity

A

endo, cracked tooth, fractured restoration, malformations of enamel, sinusitis, caries

36
Q

what is the pain like in a pt with dentinal hypersensitivity

A

mild to extreme pain
short, sharp
responds to stimuli

37
Q

what are the 4 kinds of stimuli

A

evaporative, thermal, tactile, osmotic

38
Q

what is evaporative stimuli

A

breathing, suction, drying teeth

39
Q

what is osmotic stimuli

A

OJ, lemon juice, high sugar content

40
Q

what are the two most common age ranges for dentinal hypersensitivity

A

20-30 and 40-50 (recession)

41
Q

the more _______exposed the greater the degree of sensitivity

A

tubules

42
Q

what is the most common cause of dentinal hypersensitivity

A

toothbrush abrasion

43
Q

what are other etiologys of dential hypersensitivity

A

inadequate attached gingiva, perio disease/surgery, eating disorders, erosion caused by diet, RX, bruxism, abfraction, attrition, prominent teeth

44
Q

what are the types of mechanical stimuli that cause hypersensitivity

A

toothbrush, instrumentation, clasps from partials, oral habits (toothpicks fingernails)

45
Q

what are the types of thermal stimuli

A

air, food, drinks

46
Q

what are the types of chemical stimuli

A

foods(wine, citrus, apple juice)

swimmers (chloriine)

47
Q

what kind of stimuli is bleaching

A

chemical

48
Q

the higher the percent of hydrogen peroxide in the bleach the ________ the chance of sensitivty

A

greater

49
Q

what is the hydrodynamic theory*

A

fluid flow is disturbed by stimuli, and the osmotic changes of the fluid stimulate the nerve in the more pulpal portions of the dentin which causes pain

50
Q

what kind of desensitizing mechanisms are there

A

nerve desensitization, protein precipitating agents, tubule occlusion, physical, laser

51
Q

what is the mechanism of action of potassium nitrate

A

penetrated through tubules to the nerve and depolarizes it and prevents repolarization

52
Q

what are prodcuts that have potassium nitrate

A

crest sensitivity, sensodyne max strength and proenamel, colgate senstivit

53
Q

what are protein precipitating agents

A

fluorides

54
Q

what is the mechanism of action of fluorides

A

group together to for blockage in tubules

55
Q

what are examples of products with stannous fluoride

A

gel-kam, dentin bloc, omni, crest pro-health

56
Q

what are examples of products with sodium fluoride

A

prevident

57
Q

what can be used to seal tubules

A

dentin sealer without acid etch, precpitates and seals (bonding agent)

58
Q

what are some products that provide tubule occlusion

A

gluma, quell sensitivity, ACT

59
Q

what are 2 physical ways to help dentinal sensitivity

A
  • periosurgery (conn. tissue grafting)

- restorations (composite, glass ionomer, crown)

60
Q

Which laser is used in tx of hypersensitivity and how does it work

A

the Nd:YAG, fuses dentinal tubules

61
Q

can senstivity improve with spontaneous remission

A

yes 20 to 40% do

62
Q

what is demineralization

A

occurs almost immediately when we eat or drink fermentable carbs which get into the plaque and the bacteria produces acid which destroys minerals of the enamel

63
Q

how does remineralization work

A
  • calcium and phosphate penetrate into enamel and crystalize which fill in the space left by demineralization
64
Q

what does fl2 do in remineralization

A

it a acts as a catalyst to move calcium phosphate more quickly in to the enamel and improves the quality of the crystal

65
Q

what is amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)

A

calcium and phosphor salts

66
Q

what is ACP found in

A

arm and hammer toothpaste, enamel pro prophy paste

67
Q

what is Recaldent

A

CCP-ACP

casien phosphopeptisdes and amorphous calcium phosphate

68
Q

what does the CCP do

A

stablilizes the calcium phosphate and increases the level in dental plaque and saliva

69
Q

who should you not use Recaldent on

A

pts with milk allergies

70
Q

what are examples of recaldent products

A

MI Paste, trident white gum

71
Q

what is microdent

A

patented ingredient for plaque control

72
Q

what is the microdent product

A

control rx

73
Q

What are the products in Novamin

A

bioactive glass compound made from calcium, phosphate, silica and sodium

74
Q

what does novamin claim to do

A

relieve sensitivity and provide rapid remineralization

75
Q

what are products that use novamin

A

-sultan products:
NUPRO NUsolutions
DuraSheild
ReNew

76
Q

what product uses Pro Arginine

A

colgate sensitive relief

77
Q

What does pro arginine doe

A

occludes tubule, amino acid, bicarbonate (buffers), calcium carbonate, applied in office with rubber cup

Dental Hygiene III (11 decks)

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