Mod 11 Test 2 Flashcards
the mortality rate for oral cancer has not _____ over the last 3 decades
decreased
what is the 5 year survival rate of someone who has oral cancer
47%
where is the largest increase of oral cancer diagnosis
in pts under 40 (5 fold increase in this group)
what percent of oral cancer pts have no risk factors
27%
there are nearly ______ as many deaths from oral cancer as cervical cancer
twice
why should practitioners preform cancer screenings
- may be the only ones to do it
- pts dont recognize early signs
- often diagnosed after its metastasized
what are some factors that contribute to oral cancer
-quantity and frequency of tobacco and alcohol use (seperate and together) -genetic tendency -prolonged sun exposure -HPV
what are some tissue changes that may indicate oral cancer
- white leisons- filmy to thick
- red velvety leisons
- indurated growths in a white leison
- papillary masses
- brown/black pigmented areas
What are symptoms of oral cancer
- ulcerations that bleed easily and dont resolve in 2 weeks
- extraction site that doesnt heal
- persistent pain, hoarsness, parasthesia
- difficulty chewing or swallowing
- bleeding from mouth or throat
what are the high risk sites for oral cancer
lower lip vermillion tongue floor of mouth soft palate tonsillar pillars and palatine tonsils
what is a dysplasia
abnormal growth of cells that begins in the epiethelium
can a dysplasia be seen with the naked eye
yes, can appear as red, white or mixed and can often resolve self if stimulus is moved
what is a leukoplakia
a white patch that cant be scraped off or characterized by a specific disease
what is an erythroplakia
bright red leisons of the oral mucosa that cant be characterized by a disease
what is more common leuko or erythroplakia
leuko
what is the first degree of a leison
sligher superficial wrinkling
pale white or grey
no thickening, may disappear when stretched
what is the second degree of a leison
disincct white, gray or red color changes
wrinkling is obvious
mucosa not thickened
color change remains when mucosa is streched
what is the third degree of a leison
white or grayish
deep furrows
thickening of mucosa
lesions persist when tissue is stretched
what does a basal cell leison look like
- open bleeding crusted
- red raised or itchy
- shiny, pink, red, white or translucent nodules
- crusted craters
where are basal cell leisons common
areas exposed to the sun
what is the most common type of lesion
squamous cell
what do squamous cell leisns appear as
open painless, don’t resolve in 2 weeks, wart like growth, persistent scaly red patches, irregular boarders, bleed easily, central depression
what kind of leison is most often fatal
melanoma
what are the ABC for melanoma screening
asymmetry, border, color, diameter evolving
where does a melanoma develop from
from or near a mole
what is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the US
HPV
what is the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancers
HPV
what strains are we most worried about of HPV
16, and 18
what is the survival rate for HPV tumors
better than non HPV tumors
when is the HPV virus cleared from the immune system
2 years
what are the vaccines that are effective against HPV 16 and 18
gardasil and cervarix
what are the side effects of cancer therapy
oral mucositis, xerostomia, caries, candidiasis, trismus, osteonecrosis
what is the Vizilite
non invaseive oral cancer screening device
what is the oral Cdx system
in office tranepithelial oral biopsy test, uses a brush
if the oral Cdx has a positive result what do you do
a scalpel biopsy is recommended
what is the VELscope
non invasive oral cancer screening system, helps with early detection of abnormal tissues
what is the IDENTAFI
non invasive oral cancer screening system, multispectral fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy
what can dental hygienists do for oral cancer
- stress early screening
- screen
- educate pts
