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Pharm > Mod 9 - Respiratory Meds > Flashcards

Mod 9 - Respiratory Meds Flashcards

1
Q

amoxicillin class

A

penecillin (antibiotic)

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2
Q

amoxicillin uses

A

treat variety of infectious processes

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3
Q

amoxicillin action

A

bactericidal by interfering with the synthesis of proteins needed in their cellular walls (wall impaired = rapidly broken down and destroyed)

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4
Q

amoxicillin OE

A

kill good bac (nausea, vomiting, GI upset)

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5
Q

amoxicillin considerations

A

superinfection risk,
allergies,
high dose = trouble with coagulation,
k+ sparing and penicillin (high in K+) = hyperkalemia,
best absorbed on empty stomach but if GI upset then take with food
tell HCP about diarrhea,
take same time every day and finish perscription
no acidic juice

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6
Q

respiratory system purpose

A

gas exchange, acid-base balance, sensing odors, speech, straining

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7
Q

conducting zone

A

not directly involved with gas exchange

provides a route for incoming and outgoing air, removing debris (cilia), capillaries (convection) in nasal cavity

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8
Q

respiratory zone

A

where gas exchange occurs

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9
Q

how many terminal bronchioles are in each lung

A

more than 1000

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10
Q

what makes up the respiratory zone

A

terminal bronchioles - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar duct - cluster of alveoli

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11
Q

gas exchange =

A

the process at the alveoli level where blood is oxygenated and CO2, the waste product of cell resp. is removed from body

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12
Q

alveolar duct =

A

tube composed of SM and CT

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13
Q

alveolus =

A

small sac responsible for gas exchange

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14
Q

what are the normal respiratory rates for children<1, 10, and adolescence/adults

A

child <1: 30-60bpm
child 10: 18-30 bpm
adolescence/adult: 12-18 bpm

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15
Q

what is the most frequent cause of hospitalization for children

A

asthma

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16
Q

what are the characteristics of asthma

A

inflammation, edema, bronchospasm of the airways which inhibit air from entering the lungs
excessive mucus secretion (contribute to blockage)
eosinophils and mononuclear cells, involved in infiltrating the walls of bronchi and bronchioles

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17
Q

what is an asthma attack and its symptoms and severe symptoms

A

bronchospasms occur periodically, triggered by environmental factors
symptoms = coughing, SOB, wheezing, tight chest
severe symptoms = difficulty breathing resulting in cyanotic lips/face, confusion, drowsiness, rapid pulse, sweating, severe anxiety

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18
Q

nursing process considerations: assessment for asthma

A

respiratory status
skin colour
cough and sputum

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19
Q

nursing process considerations: implementation

A

verify correct route
inhalants right to lungs act quick/ IV act quick but systemic effect
OE of med? eg: beta 2 agonist perform respiratory assessment before and after administration

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20
Q

nursing process considerations: evaluation

A

evaluate pt response

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21
Q

structural differences in children

A

smaller nares, diameter of trachea is smaller, right main bronchus is steeper, fewer muscles are functional; less able to compensate for edema and spasms
can outgrow asthma when get older
weaker immune system = more susceptible around smoke and allergens

22
Q

salbutamol class

A

beta-2 agonist

23
Q

salbutamol uses

A

short acting used to prevent and treat bronchospasms in people with asthma

24
Q

salbutamol action

A

stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the SM of bronchi and bronchioles producing broncodilation

25
Q

salbutamol OE

A

tachycardia and cough, ti is specific to lungs but can have some systemic OE like muscle tremor and CNS stimulation (excitability)

26
Q

Ipratropium class

A

anticholinergics

27
Q

Ipratropium uses

A

maintenance therapy of bronchoconstriction

28
Q

Ipratropium action

A

block the action of acetylcholine in bronchial SM, reduces broncoconstrictive substance release

29
Q

Ipratropium OE

A

cough (dry nasal mucosa, nervousness, nausea/GI upset, headache, dizziness)

30
Q

salbutamol considerations

A

its a rescue puffer for flare ups, has a short half life so works faster, give before the corticosteroid so it opens up the lungs, teach proper use of an inhaler, prime inhaler unit before use, rinse mouth with water after use, check HR and RR before and after

31
Q

ipratropium considerations

A

use inhaler as instructed, dont exceed rec. dosage, works longer than salbutamol, often give with salbutamol

32
Q

fluidcasone class

A

corticosteroid

33
Q

fluidcasone use

A

prevent asthma attacks

34
Q

fluidcasone action

A

locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier
decreases the frequency and severity of asthma attacks and improves overall asthma symptoms “reduces inflammation in the airways”

35
Q

fluidcasone OE

A

hoarseness, dry mouth, cough, sore throat, immune suppression, oropharyngeal candidiasis,

36
Q

fluidcasone considerations

A

safe 4 y.o., rinse mouth, not a rescue med, take after bronchodilator if taking both at same tine

37
Q

prednisone class

A

corticosteroid

38
Q

prednisone use

A

control severe allergic condition that are unresponsive to other treatments. suppresses the immune system

39
Q

prednisone action

A

prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation by increasing cortisol and decreasing aldosterone. (SUPPRESSES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM)

40
Q

prednisone OE

A

diabetes, mask infection, sleep and mood disturbances, dec. bone density, hypocalcemia, weight gain (moon face, round back), hyponatremia, hypokalemia, HTN, weight gain from fluid

41
Q

acetaminophen class

A

non-opioid analgesic

42
Q

acetaminophen uses

A

treat mild pain and fever, no antiinflammatory

43
Q

acetaminophen action

A

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever primarily in the CNS

44
Q

acetaminophen OE

A

toxicity

45
Q

acetaminophen considerations

A

do not exceed rec. dose 4000 adults, 3000 elderly, 2000 alcoholic, check other drugs

46
Q

ibuprofen class

A

NSAID

47
Q

ibuprofen uses

A

mild to mod pain and fever, inflammatory disorders, pain with dysmenorrhea

48
Q

ibuprofen action

A

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

49
Q

ibuprofen OE

A

GI upset, ulcers, inc. bleeding, kidney failure, allergy rxn

50
Q

ibuprofen considerations

A

dont give if have bleeds, take with food, hydrate, monitor liver fn

51
Q

how many days does it take for fluidcasone to work

A

~3 days

Pharm (9 decks)

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