Mod 3 - Building a Foundation

Question 1

pharmacology

Answer 1

science dealing with actions of drugs on the body

Question 2

pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

how a body deals with medications

Question 3

absorption

Answer 3

occurs after entering body and traveling from site admin into circulation

Question 4

distribution

Answer 4

medications are distributed throughout the body

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

breakdown of a drug molecule

Question 6

excretion

Answer 6

process by which the body eliminates waste

Question 7

pharmacodynamics

Answer 7

effects of drugs in the body and mechanism of their action

Question 8

affinity

Answer 8

strength of binding between drug and receptor

Question 9

bioavailability

Answer 9

ability of a drug/chemical to be taken up by the body and make available in the tissue where needed

Question 10

pharmacogenetics

Answer 10

study of how genes affect response to medications

Question 11

first pass effect

Answer 11

PO drugs get into the blood from intestine and some will be broken down by the liver - this avoided with dermal, nasal, inhalation, injection, IV (no absorption)

Question 12

drug agonist

Answer 12

binds to receptor and produces its characteristic effect

Question 13

drug antagonist

Answer 13

prevents the action of another molecule, often by competing for the receptor

Question 14

efficacy

Answer 14

max. effect the drug is capable of

Question 15

dose-response

Answer 15

as dose increases, response should increase

Question 16

onset

Answer 16

when the med begins to take effect

Question 17

peak

Answer 17

max concentration of medication in the body

Question 18

duration

Answer 18

length of time a medication produces its desired therapeutic effect

Question 19

therapeutic window

Answer 19

dosing window in which the safest and most effective treatment will occur

Question 20

titrated

Answer 20

start slow and monitor and increase to appropriate level

Question 21

trough

Answer 21

drug is at its lowest in the bloodstream (before next dose)

Question 22

therapeutic index

Answer 22

a measurement of the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect compared to the amount of drug that is toxic
high therapeutic index - large window (safe)
low therapeutic index - small window (risky)

Question 23

potency

Answer 23

drug dose required to produce a specific intensity of effect

Question 24

selectivity

Answer 24

separation between desired and undesired effect of a drug

Question 25

side effect

Answer 25

effect of a drug, other than desired effect, sometimes in an organ other than targeted organ

Question 26

adverse effect

Answer 26

unintended pharmacological effect that occurs when a med is administered correctly

Question 27

idiosyncratic responses

Answer 27

how some people respond in an expected and unexplained way to medications

Question 28

allergy

Answer 28

a hyper-response of the immune system
signs vary in severity
required a previous exposure (or to a similar drug)

Question 29

toxicity

Answer 29

harmful effects of drugs
can be acute or chronic
reversible or irreversible
effects to body vary
some toxicities are managed with antidotes