Mod 9&10: Posture/Balance Flashcards
describe postural alignment segments
cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis
what muscles control lateral pelvic tilt? (2)
hip abductors & trunk lateral flexors
Postural deviations seen from lateral view
forward head
inc/dec lordosis
rounded shoulders
ant/post pelvic tilt
genu recurvatum (hyperext)
excessive dorsi/plantarflexion
Postural deviations seen from anterior/posterior view
tilted/rotated head
asymmetrical shoulders
femoral anteversion/retroversion
ext/int tibial torsion
genu varus/valgus at knee
thoracic/lumbar scoliosis
Squat Assessment Compensations: valgus
weak hip abductors/extensors, tight adductors
Squat Assessment Compensations: varus
weak hip extensors, dec. hip flexion ROM
Squat Assessment Compensations: rounded low back
weak spinal erectors, tight abdominals & hamstrings
Squat Assessment Compensations: excessive forward lean
tight plantarflexors & hip flexors, weak hip extensors & spinal erectors
what 3 systems affect balance?
visual (info about speed of movement & light),
vestibular (orientation of head in space)
somatosensory (input from musc proprioceptors & relation of body part movements)
what are 3 balance strategies?
ankle- small displacements
hip: larger displacement
step: largest displacement to inc BOS
Risk factors for poor balance
advanced age, altered senses, dementia, depression, dizziness, history of falls, medications, neuro disease
timed balance test where pt. gets up from chair, walks around and returns to chair; score 1-5
Get Up & Go Test
balance test like “Get up & Go” but scored based on time
Timed Up & Go Test
2 part test w/ Balance & Gait portions w/ 16 items to determine level of fall risk; can use AD*
Tinetti Assessment Tool
balance test that assess pt’s performance of ADLs & functional activities; assess fall risk w/ scale; can’t use AD*
Berg Balance Test
gait test with walking pattern on 4 quadrants w/ step over canes; timed test
Four Square Step Test
balance test that tests vestibular, visual & PNS (for proprioception); test w/ eyes closed or open; normal- postural sway
Romberg Test
balance test w/ 14 item clinical performance tests for sitting balance
Function in Sitting Test (FIST)
Intervention: steady state of balance control in any position
static postural control
Intervention: moving balance w/ weight shifts, reaching, stepping etc
dynamic postural control
Intervention: proactive balance control using vision to predict movement, action or LOB
anticipatory movements
Intervention: responding to external balance perturbations or on moveable platform
reactive balance control
Intervention: standing on firm/compliant surface to test somatosensory system
sensory strategies
Intervention: walking by changing speeds or BOS w/ reactive balance control
dynamic gait
Intervention: imposes secondary task (motor or cognitive) w/ balance exercise
dual-task training
Intervention: with use of AD (fall-risk training)
safety training
