Cranial Nerves & N.S Flashcards
Cranial Nerve 1 (name, type, action)
Olfactory
sensory
olfaction/smell
(in cerebral cortex)
Cranial Nerve 2 (name, type, action)
Optic
sensory
vision
(in cerebral cortex)
Cranial Nerve 3 (name, type, action)
Oculomoter
motor
eyeball muscles
Cranial Nerve 4 (name, type, action)
Trochlear
motor
eyeball muscle
Cranial Nerve 5 (name, type, action)
Trigeminal
sensory/motor
S: face & oral cavity
M: muscle of mastication
Cranial Nerve 6 (name, type, action)
Abducens (“abduct”)
motor
eyeball muscle
Cranial Nerve 7 (name, type, action)
Facial
sensory/motor
S: taste from ant. 2/3 tongue
M: muscles of facial expression
Cranial Nerve 8 (name, type, action)
Vestibulocochlear
sensory
audition & equilibrium
Cranial Nerve 9 (name, type, action)
Glosso-pharangeal
sensory/motor
S: taste from post. 1/3 tongue
M: pharangeal muscles
Cranial Nerve 10 (name, type, action)
Vagus
sensory/motor
viscera
Cranial Nerve 11 (name, type, action)
Accessory
motor
sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles
Cranial Nerve 12 (name, type, action)
Hypoglossal
motor
tongue muscles
Cranial Nerve 1 Test
Olfactory:
blindfold & ask to identify familiar odor (i.e. cinnamon)
Cranial Nerve 2 Test
Optic:
ask pt. to identify objects/read from eye chart
Cranial Nerve 3 Test
Oculomoter:
ask pt. to follow moving object w/ eyes (up, down, diagonal)
-inspect asymmetrical movement
Cranial Nerve 4 Test
Trochlear:
ask pt. to follow object w/ eyes as moved inferiorly
Cranial Nerve 5 Test
Trigeminal:
S: pt. eyes closed & therapist touch face for sharp/dull sensations
M: pt. perform mandibular protrusion/retrusion/lateral deviation
Cranial Nerve 6 Test
Abducens:
pt. tracks moving object laterally w/ eyes
Cranial Nerve 7 Test
Facial:
S: distinguish sweet/salty substance on ant. tongue
M: mimic selected facial expressions
Cranial Nerve 8 Test
Vestibulocochlear:
use ticking watch/tuning fork to record distance pt. can hear sound from both ears
Cranial Nerve 9 Test
Glosso-pharangeal:
S: test sour/bitter substance on post. tongue
M: use tongue depressor for gag reflex
Cranial Nerve 10 Test
Vagus:
(S&M) tongue depressor for gag reflex
Cranial Nerve 11 Test
Accessory:
apply downward pressure to pt. shoulders as they resist
Cranial Nerve 12 Test
Hypoglossal:
patient protrudes tongue
(assess symmetry)
cervical plexus: location & innervation
C1-C4
innervate neck muscles
brachial plexus: location & innervation
C5-T1
innervate upper limb muscles
lumbosacral plexus: location & innervation
L1-S5
innervate lower limb muscles
[L1-L4 to thigh muscles]
[L5-S3 to leg & foot muscles]
upper motor neuron: origination & termination
cell bodies in primary motor cortex (cerebrum)
to brainstem/spinal cord
lower motor neuron: origination & termination
cell bodies in brainstem(cranial) or anterior horn of spinal cord (spinal)
travel to innervate skeletal muscle
autonomic NS: sympathetic
“fight or flight”
autonomic NS: para-sympathetic
“rest & digest”
spinal tract that relays info for deep sensation & combined cortical sensations
dorsal columns
ascending spinal tract that relays superficial sensations
spinothalamic tract
where does dorsal column tract cross?
medulla (of brainstem)
where does spinothalamic tract cross?
cross at level of spinal cord
reflex arc pathway
sensory input (posterior ramus) - spinal cord - motor output (anterior ramus)
corticospinal tract (descending) function
voluntary movement
upper motor neurons + lower motor neurons form which spinal tract?
corticospinal tract (descending)
which muscles (2) contract during inhalation?
diaphragm
external intercostals
which muscles (2) relax during exhalation?
diaphragm
internal intercostals
where do you take an apical pulse?
in line with T5/nipple line
(slightly left)
