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Zoology > [MOD 8] Circulatory, Urogenital, Nervous System > Flashcards

[MOD 8] Circulatory, Urogenital, Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The three (3) primary functions of circulatory systems.

A
  1. Transport of respiratory gases, food materials, waste products, hormones, and minerals.
  2. Defense against foreign organisms.
  3. Maintenance of body temperature.
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2
Q

What type of circulatory system do toads have?

A

Closed type

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3
Q

This organ lies in the thorax and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and pumps oxygenated blood to other organs.

A

Heart

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4
Q

These vessels carry blood away from the heart.

A

Arteries and Arterioles

Note: A stands for away

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5
Q

Smallest tissues that send blood.

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

Order the vessels by size, largest to smallest.

A

Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries

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7
Q

What are the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart?

A

Venules, then Veins

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8
Q

This is a dark blood vessel underneath the linea alba that dips into the liver.

A

Anterior Abdominal Vein

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9
Q

Thin transparent membrane that directly covers the heart. The whole entire term.

A

Pericardium

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10
Q

A shiny membrane that envelopes the heart.
The inner part of the pericardium.

A

Pericardial Membrane

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11
Q

The cavity where the heart is situated. It provides pericardial fluid, which reduces friction.

A

Pericardial Cavity

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12
Q

Two (2) globular structures above the ventricles.

A

Atria (sing. Atrium)

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13
Q

Most posterior conical structures of the heart

A

Ventricle

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14
Q

Cone-shaped tube on the ventral side of the ventricle.

A

Conus arteriosus

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15
Q

Triangular sac on the dorsal side of the heart. It is continuous with the right atrium. And receives deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body.

A

Sinus venosus

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16
Q

The wall separating the right and left atrium.

A

Inner-atrial septum

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17
Q

Thin flaps that open between the atria and ventricle

A

Atrioventricular valves

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18
Q

Flaps that open into the conus arteriosus

A

Semilunar valves

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19
Q

Three (3) areas of the venous system

A

Systemic Veins
Portal Veins
Pulmonary Veins

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20
Q

These are big veins originating from the anterior right and left border of the sinus venosus.

A

Precavae

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21
Q

Large unpaired vein that is posterior from the sinus venosus.

A

Postcava

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22
Q

This portal vein can be found by deflecting the left lobe of the liver and lightly scratching the pancreas.

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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23
Q

These portal veins are separately located laterally from each kidney.

A

Renal Portal Veins

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24
Q

This vein can be seen behind the heart on the left atrium or auricle. It also brings oxygenated blood back to the heart.

A

Pulmonary Veins

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25
Q

This structure can be found on the ventral side of the heart in a cone or bulb-shape. Found between the auricles

A

Conus arteriosus

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26
Q

Anteriorly, the Conus arteriosus is divided into left and right branches. What is it called?

A

Truncus arteriosus

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27
Q

What are the three (3) branches the truncus arteriosus divides into?

A

Common Carotid Artery
Systemic Arch
Pulmocutaneous Artery

28
Q

The Greek word for urine.

A

Ouro

29
Q

The Greek word for reproduction.

A

Genitales

30
Q

The main, brownish elongated organs of the excretory system.

A

Kidneys

31
Q

Soft mass of thin tissue ventral to the large intestine. It has two lobes and empties into the cloaca.

A

Urinary Bladder

32
Q

The duct from each kidney that leads urine and REPRODUCTION JUICE into the cloaca.

A

Mesonephric Duct

33
Q

Yellowing elongated structure found ventrally (on top of) each kidney.

A

Testes

34
Q

Mesentery that supports the testes.

A

Mesorchium

35
Q

The Mesonephric Duct is also called what when it transports spermatozoa?

A

Vas Deferens

36
Q

Found anterior to the testes and ovaries. Yellowish-finger like little guys.

A

Corpora adiposa / fat bodies

Note: corpora adiposa and adipose tissue, they serve the same function.

37
Q

Found on the ventral wall of the kidneys, lobulated and saccular organs. It is white and very much folded.

A

Ovaries

38
Q

Mesentery that supports the ovaries.

A

Mesovarium

39
Q

Beside the ovaries are the long white convoluted tubes that transport eggs from the ovary to the cloaca.

A

Oviducts

40
Q

The main processing center that includes the brain and spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

41
Q

Every part of the nervous system OTHER than the CNS.

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

42
Q

This division of the PNS sends information to the CNS.

A

Afferent (Sensory) Division

43
Q

This division of the PNS sends information away from the CNS.

A

Efferent (Motor) Division

44
Q

Where does the efferent division send brain signals to?

A

Skeletal Muscles (Somatic NS)
Visceral Organs (Autonomic NS)

45
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System made up of?

A

Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic NS

46
Q

What are the pathways where nerve impulses travel?

A

Bundled Axons called -
Nerves in the Peripheral NS
Tracts in the Central NS

47
Q

The cell bodies where these axons extend from usually cluster to form?

A

Ganglia in the PNS
Nuclei in the CNS

48
Q

Grayish membrane that coats the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meninges

49
Q

Layer of the meninges that adheres to the walls of the cranium and neural canal.

A

Dura mater

50
Q

Layer of the meninges that adheres closely to the brain and spinal cord.

A

Pia mater

51
Q

Three (3) main divisions of the brain.

A

Forebrain (prosencephalon)
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

52
Q

Most anterior lobe of the brain. The frog’s thinking center.

A

Cerebrum

53
Q

Extends anteriorly from the cerebrum. It is responsible for processing smell-related signals.

A

Olfactory Bulb

54
Q

Extends further up from the olfactory bulb. Directly detects the smell to send to the bulb.

A

Olfactory nerves (Cranial Nerve I)

55
Q

A depressed region found posterior to the cerebrum—works in processing other senses.

A

Diencephalon

56
Q

Club-shaped endocrine gland that projects from the roof of the diencephalon.

A

Pineal Gland (Cranial Nerve II)

57
Q

Directly posterior to the diencephalon. This part represents the midbrain, which responds to visual inputs.

A

Optic Lobes

58
Q

What are the parts of the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum and Medulla Oblongata

59
Q

Depressed ridge immediately posterior to the optic lobes. Functions in balance.

A

Cerebellum

60
Q

Posterior to the cerebellum, seen as an inverted triangle. It regulates visceral functions.

The last six (6) pairs of cranial nerves emerge from here as well.

A

Medulla Oblongata

61
Q

Posterior to the medulla oblongata. Functions in linking the brain to most parts of the body. As well as involuntary reflex actions.

A

Spinal cord

62
Q

Pointed end of the spinal cord. It is also housed in the neural canal of the urostyle.

A

Filum Terminale

63
Q

Fluid that fills out the hollow cavities of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

64
Q

What is the cavity of the brain called?

A

Ventricles

65
Q

What is the cavity of the spinal cord?

A

Central Canal

Zoology (7 decks)

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