[MOD 8] Circulatory, Urogenital, Nervous System

Question 1

The three (3) primary functions of circulatory systems.

Answer 1

1. Transport of respiratory gases, food materials, waste products, hormones, and minerals.
2. Defense against foreign organisms.
3. Maintenance of body temperature.

Question 2

What type of circulatory system do toads have?

Answer 2

Closed type

Question 3

This organ lies in the thorax and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and pumps oxygenated blood to other organs.

Answer 3

Heart

Question 4

These vessels carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 4

Arteries and Arterioles

Note: A stands for away

Question 5

Smallest tissues that send blood.

Answer 5

Capillaries

Question 6

Order the vessels by size, largest to smallest.

Answer 6

Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries

Question 7

What are the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart?

Answer 7

Venules, then Veins

Question 8

This is a dark blood vessel underneath the linea alba that dips into the liver.

Answer 8

Anterior Abdominal Vein

Question 9

Thin transparent membrane that directly covers the heart. The whole entire term.

Answer 9

Pericardium

Question 10

A shiny membrane that envelopes the heart.
The inner part of the pericardium.

Answer 10

Pericardial Membrane

Question 11

The cavity where the heart is situated. It provides pericardial fluid, which reduces friction.

Answer 11

Pericardial Cavity

Question 12

Two (2) globular structures above the ventricles.

Answer 12

Atria (sing. Atrium)

Question 13

Most posterior conical structures of the heart

Answer 13

Ventricle

Question 14

Cone-shaped tube on the ventral side of the ventricle.

Answer 14

Conus arteriosus

Question 15

Triangular sac on the dorsal side of the heart. It is continuous with the right atrium. And receives deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body.

Answer 15

Sinus venosus

Question 16

The wall separating the right and left atrium.

Answer 16

Inner-atrial septum

Question 17

Thin flaps that open between the atria and ventricle

Answer 17

Atrioventricular valves

Question 18

Flaps that open into the conus arteriosus

Answer 18

Semilunar valves

Question 19

Three (3) areas of the venous system

Answer 19

Systemic Veins
Portal Veins
Pulmonary Veins

Question 20

These are big veins originating from the anterior right and left border of the sinus venosus.

Answer 20

Precavae

Question 21

Large unpaired vein that is posterior from the sinus venosus.

Answer 21

Postcava

Question 22

This portal vein can be found by deflecting the left lobe of the liver and lightly scratching the pancreas.

Answer 22

Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 23

These portal veins are separately located laterally from each kidney.

Answer 23

Renal Portal Veins

Question 24

This vein can be seen behind the heart on the left atrium or auricle. It also brings oxygenated blood back to the heart.

Answer 24

Pulmonary Veins

Question 25

This structure can be found on the ventral side of the heart in a cone or bulb-shape. Found between the auricles

Answer 25

Conus arteriosus

Question 26

Anteriorly, the Conus arteriosus is divided into left and right branches. What is it called?

Answer 26

Truncus arteriosus

Question 27

What are the three (3) branches the truncus arteriosus divides into?

Answer 27

Common Carotid Artery Systemic Arch Pulmocutaneous Artery

Question 28

The Greek word for urine.

Answer 28

Ouro

Question 29

The Greek word for reproduction.

Answer 29

Genitales

Question 30

The main, brownish elongated organs of the excretory system.

Answer 30

Kidneys

Question 31

Soft mass of thin tissue ventral to the large intestine. It has two lobes and empties into the cloaca.

Answer 31

Urinary Bladder

Question 32

The duct from each kidney that leads urine and REPRODUCTION JUICE into the cloaca.

Answer 32

Mesonephric Duct

Question 33

Yellowing elongated structure found ventrally (on top of) each kidney.

Answer 33

Testes

Question 34

Mesentery that supports the testes.

Answer 34

Mesorchium

Question 35

The Mesonephric Duct is also called what when it transports spermatozoa?

Answer 35

Vas Deferens

Question 36

Found anterior to the testes and ovaries. Yellowish-finger like little guys.

Answer 36

Corpora adiposa / fat bodies ## Footnote Note: corpora *adiposa* and *adipose* tissue, they serve the same function.

Question 37

Found on the ventral wall of the kidneys, lobulated and saccular organs. It is white and very much folded.

Answer 37

Ovaries

Question 38

Mesentery that supports the ovaries.

Answer 38

Mesovarium

Question 39

Beside the ovaries are the long white convoluted tubes that transport eggs from the ovary to the cloaca.

Answer 39

Oviducts

Question 40

The main processing center that includes the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 40

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 41

Every part of the nervous system OTHER than the CNS.

Answer 41

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 42

This division of the PNS sends information to the CNS.

Answer 42

Afferent (Sensory) Division

Question 43

This division of the PNS sends information away from the CNS.

Answer 43

Efferent (Motor) Division

Question 44

Where does the efferent division send brain signals to?

Answer 44

Skeletal Muscles (Somatic NS) Visceral Organs (Autonomic NS)

Question 45

What is the Autonomic Nervous System made up of?

Answer 45

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS

Question 46

What are the pathways where nerve impulses travel?

Answer 46

Bundled Axons called - Nerves in the Peripheral NS Tracts in the Central NS

Question 47

The cell bodies where these axons extend from usually cluster to form?

Answer 47

Ganglia in the PNS Nuclei in the CNS

Question 48

Grayish membrane that coats the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 48

Meninges

Question 49

Layer of the meninges that adheres to the walls of the cranium and neural canal.

Answer 49

Dura mater

Question 50

Layer of the meninges that adheres closely to the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 50

Pia mater

Question 51

Three (3) main divisions of the brain.

Answer 51

Forebrain (prosencephalon) Midbrain (mesencephalon) Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Question 52

Most anterior lobe of the brain. The frog's thinking center.

Answer 52

Cerebrum

Question 53

Extends anteriorly from the cerebrum. It is responsible for processing smell-related signals.

Answer 53

Olfactory Bulb

Question 54

Extends further up from the olfactory bulb. Directly detects the smell to send to the bulb.

Answer 54

Olfactory nerves (Cranial Nerve I)

Question 55

A depressed region found posterior to the cerebrum—works in processing other senses.

Answer 55

Diencephalon

Question 56

Club-shaped endocrine gland that projects from the roof of the diencephalon.

Answer 56

Pineal Gland (Cranial Nerve II)

Question 57

Directly posterior to the diencephalon. This part represents the midbrain, which responds to visual inputs.

Answer 57

Optic Lobes

Question 58

What are the parts of the hindbrain?

Answer 58

Cerebellum and Medulla Oblongata

Question 59

Depressed ridge immediately posterior to the optic lobes. Functions in balance.

Answer 59

Cerebellum

Question 60

Posterior to the cerebellum, seen as an inverted triangle. It regulates visceral functions. The last six (6) pairs of cranial nerves emerge from here as well.

Answer 60

Medulla Oblongata

Question 61

Posterior to the medulla oblongata. Functions in linking the brain to most parts of the body. As well as involuntary reflex actions.

Answer 61

Spinal cord

Question 62

Pointed end of the spinal cord. It is also housed in the neural canal of the urostyle.

Answer 62

Filum Terminale

Question 63

Fluid that fills out the hollow cavities of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 63

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 64

What is the cavity of the brain called?

Answer 64

Ventricles

Question 65

What is the cavity of the spinal cord?

Answer 65

Central Canal