[MOD 6] Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Exoskeleton

Answer 1

Hardened bony structure than develops on the outer skin.

Question 2

Endoskeleton

Answer 2

Internal skeleton that protects the organs, provides calcium, supports the body, and forms blood cells.

Question 3

How are skeletal muscles and the skeleton connected?

Answer 3

Through connective tissue called tendons. Flat tendons are called aponeurosis.

Question 4

Parts of the axial endoskeleton.

Answer 4

1. Skull
2. Visceral skeleton (jaws, hyoid apparatus [larynx, throat], ears)
3. Vertebral column and Ribs
4. Sternum

Question 5

Parts of appendicular endoskeleton

Answer 5

1. Bones of the limbs (anterior and posterior)
2. Girdles (pectoral and pelvic)

Question 6

Triangular bones behind the nares

Answer 6

Nasal Bones

Question 7

Two long, slender, flat, fused bones that cover the brain

Answer 7

Frontoparietals

Question 8

Large opening at the back of the skull where the spinal cord passes

Answer 8

Foramen Magnum

Question 9

Bones that connect skull to the spine.

Answer 9

occipital condyles (connected via the exoccipital bone found at the back of the brain)

Question 10

Bones of the upper jaw

Answer 10

1. Premaxillae (most front, has teeth)
2. Maxillae (curved side, has teeth)
3. Quadratojugals (back, no teeth)

Question 11

Hammer-shaped bones that connect the cranium to the back of the jaw and support the ear area.

Answer 11

Squamosals

Question 12

Large openings beside the frontoparietals where the eyes are located.

Answer 12

Eye sockets/Orbits

Question 13

Two winged-shaped bones just behind the premaxillae that holds the vomerine teeth.

Answer 13

Vomers

Question 14

Slender, rod-like bones that extend from the side to the middle, just behind the vomers.

Answer 14

Palatines

Question 15

Dagger-shaped bone that makes up the floor of the cranium, posterior to both the vomers and palatines.

Answer 15

Parasphenoid

Question 16

How many vertebrae do frogs have?

Answer 16

Ten (10), they have an incomplete rib system.

Question 17

First vertebra that connects to the occipital condyles. Also lacks transverse processes (can’t turn head)

Answer 17

Atlas

Question 18

Several fused tail that continues beyond the vertebral column.

Answer 18

Urostyle

Question 19

Functions of the Pectoral Girdle

Answer 19

Attached to the sternum/breastbone
Series of bones and cartilages that supports the forelimbs.

Question 20

Functions of the Pelvic Girdle

Answer 20

Supports the hindlimbs
Separated into two halves called innominate bones.

Question 21

Bone of the upper arm.

Answer 21

Humerus

Question 22

The bone of the forearm.
Fusion of two bones.

Answer 22

Radioulna

Question 23

Far end of the radioulna that serves as an attachment point for muscles.

Answer 23

Olecranon

Question 24

Bones of the wrist

Answer 24

Carpals

Question 25

Bones of the hand proper

Answer 25

Metacarpals

Question 26

Bones of the fingers/digits

Answer 26

Phalanges

Question 27

Bones of the thigh

Answer 27

Femur

Question 28

Fused bones of the shank

Answer 28

Tibiofibula

Question 29

Bones of the ankles

Answer 29

Tarsals

Question 30

Bones of the Foot proper

Answer 30

Metatarsals

Question 31

Bones of the toes

Answer 31

Also Phalanges

Question 32

Large spaces between skin and muscles where the skin is not attached.

Answer 32

subcutaneous lymph sacs

Question 33

Thin, broad, transverse, fibrous muscles on the underside of the jaw.

Answer 33

Mylohyoid

Question 34

Middle connective tissue that splits the mylohyoid in half.

Answer 34

Median raphe

Question 35

Thin, pocket-like muscle found on the surface of the chest

Answer 35

Cutaneous pectoralis

Question 36

Thick, paired muscle in the chest area, near the midline. Partially covered by the mylohyoid

Answer 36

Sternoradialis

Question 37

Fan-shaped muscles behind the sternoradialis and ventral to the cutaneous pectoralis.

Answer 37

Pectoralis

Question 38

What are the three (3) parts of the pectoralis?

Answer 38

Anterior, middle, posterior

Question 39

Long, vertical muscle on either side of the midline of the abdomen.

Answer 39

Rectus abdominis

Question 40

Middle connective tissue dividing the rectus abdominis

Answer 40

Linea alba

Question 41

Sheet-like muscle on the sides of the abdomen, lateral to the rectus abdominis. "Love handles".

Answer 41

External Oblique

Question 42

Flat strap-like muscle running obliquely along the thigh

Answer 42

Sartorius

Question 43

A slender muscle that's found by cutting into the sartorius.

Answer 43

Adductor longus

Question 44

Thicc groin muscle seen as a triangle. Also the muscle immediately posterior to the adductor longus.

Answer 44

Adductor magnus

Question 45

Posterior to the adductor magnus with oblique fibers.

Answer 45

Gracilis major

Question 46

Large muscle behind the shank. Surrounded by white connective tissue (fascia).

Answer 46

Gastrocnemius

Question 47

Long narrow muscle ahead of the gastrocnemius. It is attached to the surface of the tibiofibula.

Answer 47

Tibialis Posticus

Question 48

The Most front muscles of the shank that can be seen dorsally. It also splits into two.

Answer 48

Tibialis anticus

Question 49

Muscle along the sides of the middle-back and tapers posteriorly

Answer 49

Longissimus dorsi

Question 50

Muscle lateral to the longissimus dorsi, between the external oblique, connected via the skeletogenous septum.

Answer 50

Iliolumbaris

Question 51

V-shaped muscles between the ilia of the pelvic girdle

Answer 51

Coccygeo-iliacus

Question 52

Largest, three-headed muscle covering the thigh

Answer 52

Triceps femoris

Question 53

Small but thicc muscle between the triceps femoris

Answer 53

Gluteus

Question 54

slender muscle posterior to the triceps femoris

Answer 54

Biceps femoris/Iliofibularis

Question 55

Muscle found next to the biceps femoris

Answer 55

Semimembranosus

Question 56

Muscle of the shank immediately anterior to the gastrocnemius.

Answer 56

Peroneus