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Zoology > [MOD 6] Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

[MOD 6] Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Hardened bony structure than develops on the outer skin.

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2
Q

Endoskeleton

A

Internal skeleton that protects the organs, provides calcium, supports the body, and forms blood cells.

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3
Q

How are skeletal muscles and the skeleton connected?

A

Through connective tissue called tendons. Flat tendons are called aponeurosis.

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4
Q

Parts of the axial endoskeleton.

A
  1. Skull
  2. Visceral skeleton (jaws, hyoid apparatus [larynx, throat], ears)
  3. Vertebral column and Ribs
  4. Sternum
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5
Q

Parts of appendicular endoskeleton

A
  1. Bones of the limbs (anterior and posterior)
  2. Girdles (pectoral and pelvic)
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6
Q

Triangular bones behind the nares

A

Nasal Bones

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7
Q

Two long, slender, flat, fused bones that cover the brain

A

Frontoparietals

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8
Q

Large opening at the back of the skull where the spinal cord passes

A

Foramen Magnum

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9
Q

Bones that connect skull to the spine.

A

occipital condyles (connected via the exoccipital bone found at the back of the brain)

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10
Q

Bones of the upper jaw

A
  1. Premaxillae (most front, has teeth)
  2. Maxillae (curved side, has teeth)
  3. Quadratojugals (back, no teeth)
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11
Q

Hammer-shaped bones that connect the cranium to the back of the jaw and support the ear area.

A

Squamosals

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12
Q

Large openings beside the frontoparietals where the eyes are located.

A

Eye sockets/Orbits

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13
Q

Two winged-shaped bones just behind the premaxillae that holds the vomerine teeth.

A

Vomers

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14
Q

Slender, rod-like bones that extend from the side to the middle, just behind the vomers.

A

Palatines

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15
Q

Dagger-shaped bone that makes up the floor of the cranium, posterior to both the vomers and palatines.

A

Parasphenoid

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16
Q

How many vertebrae do frogs have?

A

Ten (10), they have an incomplete rib system.

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17
Q

First vertebra that connects to the occipital condyles. Also lacks transverse processes (can’t turn head)

A

Atlas

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18
Q

Several fused tail that continues beyond the vertebral column.

A

Urostyle

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19
Q

Functions of the Pectoral Girdle

A

Attached to the sternum/breastbone
Series of bones and cartilages that supports the forelimbs.

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20
Q

Functions of the Pelvic Girdle

A

Supports the hindlimbs
Separated into two halves called innominate bones.

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21
Q

Bone of the upper arm.

A

Humerus

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22
Q

The bone of the forearm.
Fusion of two bones.

A

Radioulna

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23
Q

Far end of the radioulna that serves as an attachment point for muscles.

A

Olecranon

24
Q

Bones of the wrist

A

Carpals

25
Q

Bones of the hand proper

A

Metacarpals

26
Q

Bones of the fingers/digits

A

Phalanges

27
Q

Bones of the thigh

A

Femur

28
Q

Fused bones of the shank

A

Tibiofibula

29
Q

Bones of the ankles

A

Tarsals

30
Q

Bones of the Foot proper

A

Metatarsals

31
Q

Bones of the toes

A

Also Phalanges

32
Q

Large spaces between skin and muscles where the skin is not attached.

A

subcutaneous lymph sacs

33
Q

Thin, broad, transverse, fibrous muscles on the underside of the jaw.

A

Mylohyoid

34
Q

Middle connective tissue that splits the mylohyoid in half.

A

Median raphe

35
Q

Thin, pocket-like muscle found on the surface of the chest

A

Cutaneous pectoralis

36
Q

Thick, paired muscle in the chest area, near the midline. Partially covered by the mylohyoid

A

Sternoradialis

37
Q

Fan-shaped muscles behind the sternoradialis and ventral to the cutaneous pectoralis.

A

Pectoralis

38
Q

What are the three (3) parts of the pectoralis?

A

Anterior, middle, posterior

39
Q

Long, vertical muscle on either side of the midline of the abdomen.

A

Rectus abdominis

40
Q

Middle connective tissue dividing the rectus abdominis

A

Linea alba

41
Q

Sheet-like muscle on the sides of the abdomen, lateral to the rectus abdominis. “Love handles”.

A

External Oblique

42
Q

Flat strap-like muscle running obliquely along the thigh

A

Sartorius

43
Q

A slender muscle that’s found by cutting into the sartorius.

A

Adductor longus

44
Q

Thicc groin muscle seen as a triangle. Also the muscle immediately posterior to the adductor longus.

A

Adductor magnus

45
Q

Posterior to the adductor magnus with oblique fibers.

A

Gracilis major

46
Q

Large muscle behind the shank. Surrounded by white connective tissue (fascia).

A

Gastrocnemius

47
Q

Long narrow muscle ahead of the gastrocnemius. It is attached to the surface of the tibiofibula.

A

Tibialis Posticus

48
Q

The Most front muscles of the shank that can be seen dorsally. It also splits into two.

A

Tibialis anticus

49
Q

Muscle along the sides of the middle-back and tapers posteriorly

A

Longissimus dorsi

50
Q

Muscle lateral to the longissimus dorsi, between the external oblique, connected via the skeletogenous septum.

A

Iliolumbaris

51
Q

V-shaped muscles between the ilia of the pelvic girdle

A

Coccygeo-iliacus

52
Q

Largest, three-headed muscle covering the thigh

A

Triceps femoris

53
Q

Small but thicc muscle between the triceps femoris

A

Gluteus

54
Q

slender muscle posterior to the triceps femoris

A

Biceps femoris/Iliofibularis

55
Q

Muscle found next to the biceps femoris

A

Semimembranosus

56
Q

Muscle of the shank immediately anterior to the gastrocnemius.

A

Peroneus

Zoology (5 decks)

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