mod 6 questions Flashcards
Hydrogen ions are ______ by the kidneys.
actively secreted
The movement of water, ions, and small molecules through the filtration membrane is called
filtration
The medulla of the kidney surrounds the renal ______.
sinus
In a countercurrent mechanism, fluid in separate structures flows in ______ directions.
opposite
the same
opposite
The vessel that normally branches off of the abdominal aorta and supplies a kidney with blood is the
renal artery
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are modified and adapted primarily for the reabsorption of ______.
red blood cells and water
ions and large proteins
platelets
solutes and water
solutes and water
Identify substances that are actively secreted by the kidney tubules
Hydrogen ions
Drugs
Potassium
What is filtration?
The movement of water, ions and small molecules through the filtration membrane under pressure
The very high solute concentration of the interstitial fluid in the medulla of the kidney is created by ______.
the actions of the countercurrent mechanism
Which of the following would lead to an increase in urine formation? (Select all that apply.)
Blood pressure increases in response to increased blood volume.
Body fluid solute concentration decreases in response to a decrease in aldosterone.
Body fluid solute concentration increases in response to an increase in aldosterone.
Blood pressure decreases in response to increased solute intake.
Blood pressure increases in response to increased blood volume.
Body fluid solute concentration decreases in response to a decrease in aldosterone.
The micturition reflex is initiated by the ______.
stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder
What are the major factors that influence the volume of urine produced by the kidneys?
Body fluid solute concentrations and blood volume
Which of the following hormones help regulate urine volume and concentration? (Select all that apply.)
Atrial natriuretic hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
Parathyroid hormone
Atrial natriuretic hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
Two major fluid compartments of the body are the BLANK compartments
intracellular and extracellular
Which statement regarding fluid compartments is correct?
Sodium is more abundant in the extracellular fluid, and potassium is more abundant in the intracellular fluid.
Potassium is more abundant in the extracellular fluid, and sodium is more abundant in the intracellular fluid.
Sodium is more abundant in the extracellular fluid, and potassium is more abundant in the intracellular fluid.
Which of the following events are part of the micturition reflex? (Select all that apply.)
- Contraction of the urinary bladder wall
- Stimulation of sensory neurons traveling to the sacral segments of the spinal cord
- Closure of the ureters that fill the urinary bladder
- Increase in sympathetic action potentials to the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder
Contraction of the urinary bladder wall
Stimulation of sensory neurons traveling to the sacral segments of the spinal cord
Which of the following are used to regulate ions in the extracellular fluid? (Select all that apply.)
Ion concentration regulation
Thirst regulation
Ventilation rate
Secretion of H+
Ion concentration regulation
Thirst regulation
The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is BLANK, whereas the most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid BLANK
extracellular: Na+, sodium
intracellular: K+, potassium
Which of the following conditions would trigger the thirst center? (Select all that apply.)
Decreased aldosterone secretion
Decreased blood pressure
Increased blood solute concentration
Decreased blood solute concentration
Decreased blood pressure
Increased blood solute concentration
Thirst regulation and ion concentration regulation determine the levels of ions in the BLANK fluid
extracellular
Decreased blood pressure and increased blood solute levels ______.
cause edema in the extremities
lead to an increase in dilute urine production
trigger renin production by the parathyroid glands
trigger a response in the thirst center
trigger a response in the thirst center
The kidneys directly regulate acid-base balance by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Bicarbonate reabsorption
H+ secretion
Excretion of CO2
Sodium secretion
Bicarbonate reabsorption
H+ secretion
When blood pH decreases, which of the following occurs to correct the imbalance?
CO2 combines with H2O and forms H2CO3.
The respiratory center increases the breathing rate.
Less CO2 is expelled from the lungs.
The respiratory center increases the breathing rate.
The kidneys directly regulate acid-base balance by increasing or decreasing the rate of H+ ______ and the rate of bicarbonate ______.
secretion, reabsorption
