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Sectional Anatomy > Mod 5 > Flashcards

Mod 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The abdomen houses many critical structures that are necessary for human life. It’s important we understand how these structures are positioned in the abdominal cavity as well as they’re relationship to one another.

A

OK!

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2
Q

The abodminal cavity is the region between the _________ and the _____ ______.

A

diaphragm; sacral proimintory

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3
Q

There are ____ quadrants of the abdominal/pelvic cavity and ____ distinct regions.

A

four; nine

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4
Q

What is located in the abdominal cavity?

A

Liver, gall bladder, biliary system, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, stomach, intestines, and vascular structures.

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5
Q

What does the RUQ house?

A

The right lobe of the liver, gall bladder, right kidney, portions of the stomach, and small and large intestines.

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6
Q

What does the LUQ house?

A

Left lobe of liver, stomach, tail of pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and portions of the large intestines.

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7
Q

What does the RLQ house?

A

Cecum, appendix, portions of small intestine, right ureter in female, female - right ovary, and male - right spermatic cord.

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8
Q

What does the LLQ house?

A

Most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, female - left ureter and left ovary and for the male the left spermatic cord.

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9
Q

The 9 distinct regions of the abdomen are also called what?

A

Addison’s planes

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10
Q

The walls of the abdominal cavity are lined with by a thin, serous membrane, what is this?

A

Peritoneum

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11
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal and Visceral

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12
Q

What does the parietal membrane line? Visceral membrane?

A

The parietal membrane covers the abdominal cavity (walls) and the visceral membrane covers the abdominal organs

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13
Q

What are the two layers of peritoneum separated by? What is its purpose?

A

A thin layer of serous fluid that acts as a lubricant and allows the organs to move against one another without friction.

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14
Q

The peritoneum forms a cavity that encloses some of the organs except for bare areas; it covers part of the liver, gall bladder, spleen, stomach and in the female the ovaries, and most of the intestines. In the male the peritoneal cavity is completely closed but in the female it communicates with the exterior through the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

A
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15
Q

In the _____ the peritoneal cavity is completely closed but in the _____ it communicates with the exterior through the….

A

male; female; uterine tubes, uterus and vagina.

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16
Q

What is the mesentary?

A

The peritoneum that holds the small intestine in place.

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17
Q

What is the mesocolon?

A

Peritoneum that holds the large intestine in place.

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18
Q

What is the falciform?

A

Peritoneum that holds the liver in place.

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19
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Peritoneum in front of the transverse colon and small intestine

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20
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

The peritoneum that holds the stomach and duodenum in place.

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21
Q

What is the retroperitoneal space?

A

Contains pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, kidneys, ureters and adrenal glands.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of folds of the peritoneum that extend between the organs?

A

To hold the organs in position and at the same time enclose the vessels and nerves

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23
Q

Folds or double layers are termed ______, ______and _______ _______.

A

mesentary, omentum and peritoneal ligaments.

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24
Q

The ______ is a double layer peritoneum enclosing the intestines and attaching to the _______ _____.

A

mesentary; abdominal wall

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25
Q

The _______ is a mesentary (double layer peritoneum) that attaches to the stomach.

A

omentum

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26
Q

The greater omentum is usually full of fat which is a folded peritoneum that drapes down from the….

A

greater curvature of the stomach and connects the stomach with the spleen and transverse colon

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27
Q

The lesser omentum attaches the…

A

duodenum and lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

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28
Q

There are many ligaments, the only ligament we will cover is the ______ ligament.

A

falciform

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29
Q

The falciform ligament extends from the

A

liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm forming a plane that divides the liver into the right and left lobe.

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30
Q

What is not in the peritoneum (behind the peritoneum)?

A

Most of the pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands

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31
Q

Describe the Gastrointestinal tract responsibilities.

A

A complex system responsible for digestion, absorption, and important aspects of metabolism in our body

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32
Q

The alimentary tract begins where?

A

At the mouth.

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33
Q

List alimentary tract accessory organs.

A
  • Salivary glands
  • Gall bladder
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
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34
Q

What is the lining of the alimentary tract that is the same from the mouth to the anal opening?

A

Mucosal lining

35
Q

What are the four layers of the mucosal lining?

A
  • Mucosal layer
  • Submucosal layer
  • Muscular layer
  • Serous membrane
36
Q

The mucosa of the esophagus is composed of

A

tough stratified abrasive resistent epithelium while the mucosa of the rest of the alimentary tract is much more delicate.

37
Q

Mucosa is produced by ________ cells.

A

epithelial

38
Q

What is below the mucosal layer?

A

The submucosal layer

39
Q

Where are the blood vessels located (and nervous intervention)?

A

The submucosal layer

40
Q

What is below the submucosal layer?

A

Muscular layer

41
Q

What does the muscular layer provide the alimentary tract?

A

Peristalsis

42
Q

What is the deepest layer of the almentary tract?

A

Serous membrane

43
Q

How does the mouth contribute to digestion?

A
  • mastication
  • deglutition (swallowing)
44
Q

How does the pharynx contribute to digestion?

A

deglutition (swallowing)

45
Q

How does the esophagus contribute to digestion?

A
  • deglutition
  • peristalsis
46
Q

How does teh stomach contribute to digestion?

A
  • mixing
  • peristalsis
47
Q

How does the small intestine contribute to digestion?

A
  • churning
  • peristalsis
48
Q

How does the large intestine contribute to digestion?

A
  • peristalsis
  • haustal churning
  • mass peristalsis
  • defacation
49
Q

How long is the esophagus?

A

About 10 inches or 25 centimeters

50
Q

The esophagus enters the stomach where?

A

At the cardiac sphincter

51
Q

What happens to food at the stomach?

A

The muscle churns and gastric juices turns the food into chyme.

*Stomach has hydrochloric acid and enzymes that help with digestion

52
Q

What is on the inside surface of the stomach?

A

Rugae - the longitudinal mucosal folds that increase the surface of the stomach and helps with churning

53
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

Approximately 20 feet long

54
Q

What are the three portions of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
55
Q

What does the large intestine have instead of rugae (stomach and small intestine)?

A

Haustral folds

56
Q

What does the liver secrete?

A

Bile

57
Q

Where does the bile empty into? Which causes the liver to be defined as what?

A

to the dudenum via the common bile duct; exocrine gland

*Largest gland in the body

58
Q

What does bile do?

A
  • Emulcify or break down the fat in our diet
  • Stimulates the secretion of cholocystic chian
59
Q

What was the falciform ligament in utero?

A

A blood vessel then turns into a ligament to attach the liver to the diaphragm and abdominal wall.

60
Q

What is the liver covered by (peritoneum)?

A

Glisson’s capsule

61
Q

How many lobes does the liver have? Name them and their locations.

A

4

  • large right lobe
  • smaller left lobe
  • caudate lobe - superior between right and left lobe next to hepatic veins above the gall bladder
  • quadrate (fourth) lobe - adjacent to gall bladder
62
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

A deep fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which all the neurovascular structures (except hepatic veins) and hepatic ducts enter or leave the liver 1. It contains: right and left hepatic ducts. right and left branches of hepatic artery.

63
Q

What happens if there is an obstruction in the gall bladder or hepatic duct?

A

Can cause a person to be very ill and may require gall stone removal

64
Q

How much bile does the liver secrete in a day?

A

About a pint

65
Q

What vitamins does the liver store?

A

Vitamins A, B12 and D

66
Q

The _____ duct extends from the gall bladder and joins the ______ that extends from the liver and then they form the ________ duct.

A

cystic; hepatic; common bile

67
Q

What does the common bile duct join with?

A

The pancreatic duct

68
Q

the pancreatic duct empties into the _______.

A

duodenum

69
Q

What is the most superior portion of the pancreas?

A

The tail

*Fits up under the spleen

70
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas fit?

A

Curve of duodenum

71
Q

Pancreas is described as a….

A

compound tubular acinar gland which means it has branches, it is tubular, it has secreting units, exocrine and endocrine gland

72
Q

What organ is closely related to diabetes?

A

Pancreas

73
Q

What hormone does the pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon

*relaxes the gut, digestive system muscular wall

74
Q

Is the spleen a vital organ?

A

No

75
Q

The spleen is part of the ________ system.

A

lymphatic

76
Q

The spleen is _____-like and ____-less.

A

gland like and ductless

77
Q

What is one of the main functions of the spleen?

A

Store and remove red blood cells as they age.

78
Q

What is part of the urinary system?

A

Two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

79
Q

They kidneys lie behind the ______ _______.

A

Parietal peritoneum

80
Q

Kidneys are about ___ inches long, ___ inches in width and about ____ thick.

A

4.5; 2-3; 1 inch

81
Q

Which kidney is often times larger than the other.

A

The left is larger than the right.

82
Q

Where does the linea alba extend from and to?

A

xiphoid process of the sternum to pubic symphisis of the pubic bone.

83
Q

Where is the quadratus lumborum muscle located?

A

The posterior side of the abdomen which extends from the iliac crest to the inferior border of the 12th rib

Sectional Anatomy (6 decks)

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