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Sectional Anatomy > Mod 4 > Flashcards

Mod 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the word Thorax mean?

A

Breast plate in greek. Division of the body that lies between the head and the abdomen (neck to diaphragm).

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2
Q

Bony thorax is formed by what?

A

Sternum, thoracic vertebra, ribs and spine. Includes heart, lungs and major blood vessels

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3
Q

What is the function of the bony thorax?

A

Protect the organs of the thorax and aid in respiration.

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4
Q

What is the superior and inferior portions of the thorax called?

A

Thoracic inlet (superior) and thoracic outlet (inferior)

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5
Q

What are lungs made up of?

A

Parenchyma and Pleura

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6
Q

What is the parenchyma?

A

The part of the lung that is actually doing the respiration, also known as the gaseous exchange.

*Lung markings on a chest x-ray

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7
Q

The right lung has ____ lobes and the left lung has ____.

A

3; 2

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8
Q

Besides having two lobes instead of three, what else is different about the left lobe compared to the right lobe?

A

Large notch on the medial surface of the inferior lobe where the heart resides. Called the cardiac notch.

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9
Q

What is the tongue-like projection inferior to the cardiac notch on the left lung?

A

Lingula

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10
Q

Lungs are the organ of __________.

A

respiration

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11
Q

What is respiration?

A

Gasseous exchange that occurs between the respiratory air that we breath in and our blood.

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12
Q

Lungs are very ______-like and made up of ______ and _____.

A

sponge; parenchyma; pleura

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13
Q

What does the parenchyma consist of?

A
  • That part of the lung that is actually doing the respiration (gasseous exchange).
  • It is the key part of the organ that is essential to its function.
  • It is distinct and different from the other supportive material that makes up that organ
  • When doing chest x-ray we want to see air filling up alveolar to see lung markings to view parenchyma
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14
Q

Lungs begin at the _____ all the way down to the _______ _______ and ______ ______.

A

apex; diaphragmatic surface; costaphrenic angles

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15
Q

The lobes of the lungs are divided by _______.

A

fissures

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16
Q

Where on the lungs is the cardiac notch located?

A

On the right lung, inferior lobe, medial surface.

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17
Q

There are ____ serous membranes in the thorax. What are they?

A

two; Visceral and Parietal pleura.

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18
Q

What is the serous membrane that covers the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura

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19
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

The inner most layer that closely covers the outer surface of the lungs and continues into the fissures and covers each lobe as well.

20
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

The outer most serous membrane and continuous with the thoracic wall and the diaphragm

21
Q

Both of these pleuras secrete what? What is the purpose?

A

Small amounts of pleural fluid which provide lubrication between the surfaces during breathing.

22
Q

The right and left mainstem bronchus are at the level of the __________.

A

carina.

23
Q

The mediastinum is the middle section of the chest cavity and the organs that are located in the mediastinum include what?

A
  • heart
  • aorta
  • thymus gland
  • trachea (chest portion)
  • esophagus
  • lymph nodes
  • very important nerves
24
Q

What is the thymus gland?

A
  • Primary gland of the lymphatic system
  • Produces the thymasin hormone
  • Two pyramid shaped lobes
  • Located in the lower neck/upper mediastinum
  • Anterior to trachea and great vessels of the heart
25
Q

What does the thymasin hormone do?

A

Development and maturation of the immune system at the cellular level

26
Q

What age does the thymus gland reach maximum size?

A

Puberty then disappears with age and replaced with fat

27
Q

When would you see an enlarged thymus gland?

A

In an abnormal situation often associated with lymphoblastic lymphoma such as hodgkins lymphoma or a tumor called a thymoma

28
Q

What is the lymphatic system mostly made up of?

A

Vessels and nodes

*Don’t normally see them in the chest unless they are enlarged or abnormal.

29
Q

What is an enlarged lymphnode called?

A

lymphadenopathy

30
Q

What is the heart and where is it?

A
  • hollowed, four chamber, muscular organ
  • mid-portion of mediastinum
  • sits obliquely in the chest

*Size of large clenched fist

31
Q

What covers the heart?

A

The pericardium or pericardial sack

*Sack surrounds the heart and proximal parts of the great vessels entering and exiting the heart

32
Q

What is pericarditis

A

Inflamation and swelling of the pericardial sack

33
Q

The ________ push the blood out of the heart.

A

ventricles

34
Q

The atrioventricular valves are what?

A

Right side is tricuspid and left side is bicuspid.

*Try before you buy

35
Q

What valve prevents blood from flowing from into the right ventricle from the pulmonary is what?

A

Semi lunar valve

36
Q

Which arteries are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary arteries

*Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

37
Q

What veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood?

A

The pulmonary veins

38
Q

Typically arteries carry ______ blood and veins carry ______ blood.

A

oxygenated; deoxygenated

39
Q

What does the azygous vein do?

A

The deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava.

40
Q

What can vary in its appearance?

A

The azygous vein.

41
Q

What two things must we know about the azygous vein?

A
  • There is not a right and left azygous vein
  • It drains deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava.
42
Q

The thoracic duct is also called what?

A

Left lymphatic duct

43
Q

What is the largest lymphatic system in the body and collects most of the lymph in the body?

A

Thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)

44
Q

What does the thoracic duct do?

A

Drains lymphatic fluid into the circulatory system at the left brachiocephalic vein between left subclavian and left internal jugular vein

45
Q
A

Sectional Anatomy (6 decks)

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