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Medical Terms > MOD 4 Male Reproductive > Flashcards

MOD 4 Male Reproductive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

genitourinary

A

genit/o– genitalia
urin/o– urine; urinary system
-ary– pertaining to

includes both the external and internal genitalia

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2
Q

gonads

A

gon/o– seed (ovum or spermatozoon)
-ad– pertaining to

Testes are the gonads, or SEX GLANDS in a male. In a woman, it is the ovaries.

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3
Q

perinuem

A

the area on the outside of the body between the anus and scrotum.

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4
Q

combining forms for the testicle

A
  1. testicul/o-
  2. didym/o-
  3. orchi/o-
  4. orch/o-
  5. test/o-
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5
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

semin/i– spermatozoon; sperm
fer/o– to bear
-ous– pertianing to

tightly coiled tubules that produce spermatozoa or sperm

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6
Q

spermatozoa

A

sper-mah-toh-ZOH-ah

spermat/o– perm
-zoon– animal

Just means “sperm”

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7
Q

interstitial cells

A

interstiti-/o– spaces within tissue
-al– pertaining to

secrete the hormone testostrone

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8
Q

testosterone

A

most abundant and biologically active of all the male sex hormones

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9
Q

lumen

A

matured sperm are continuously released into the lumen, which is the internal opening of the seminiferous tubules and carried by fluid into the epididymis

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10
Q

epididymis

A

long (20ft) , coiled tube that is attached to the outer wall of each testis.

epi– upon
-didymis– testes (twin structures)

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11
Q

inguinal

A

ING-gwih-nal

inguin/o– groin
-al– pertaining to

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12
Q

vas deferens

or

ductus deferens

A

VAS DEF-er-enz

a long duct that receives spermatozoa from the epididymis.

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13
Q

seminal vesicles

A

two elongated glands that form a V. They produce seminal fluid, which makes up most of the volume of semen.

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14
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

large collecting duct that holds sperms from each vas deferns and seminal fluid from the seminal vesicles.

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15
Q

prostate gland

A

round gland at the base of the bladder. not a part of the urinary system. It produces prostatic fluid.

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16
Q

prostatic fluid

A

milky substance that makes up some of the volume of semen. It contains an antibiotic substance that kills bacteria in the woman’s vagnia. It also carries substances that activates the ezymes in the head of sperm so that it can penetrate the woman’s ovum to fertilize it.

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17
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

bul-oh-yoo-REE-thral

bulb/o– like a bulb
urethro/o– urethra
-al– pertaining to

about the size of peas that are located on either side of the urethra. They produce thick mucus that makes up some of the volume of semen and neutralizes the acidity of any urine remaining in the urethra at the tiem of ejactulation.

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18
Q

balan/o-

A

means “glans penis”

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19
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

erectile tissue that is located along the upper surface of the penis

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20
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

Centered along the UNDERSIDE of the penis. The urethra is located within the corpus spongiosum.

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21
Q

adolesc/o–

A

the beginning of being an adult.

“adolescence”

suffix “-ence”– means “state of”

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22
Q

puberty

A

puber/o- growing up
-ty– quality or state

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23
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stiumlating hormone

causes the seminiferous tubles to enlarge. Because these tubles make 80% of each testis, the testes themselves enlarge significantly during puberty.

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24
Q

spermatocyte

A

SPER-mah-toh-site

immature sperms. Each cell contains 46 at first, but then narrow down to 23.

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25
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

LOO-tee-ih-ny-zing

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26
Q

number of sperm in semen

A

100-500 MILLION sperms!

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27
Q

ejaculat/o–

A

to expel suddenly

Ejaculatory

-ory–having the function of

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28
Q

coitus

A

same as “sexual intercourse”

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29
Q

pareun/o-

or

venere/o–

A

also mean “sexual intercourse”

such as “veneral disease”

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30
Q

scrot/o–

A

a bag.

scrotum

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31
Q

cryptorchism

A

crypt/o– hidden
orch/o– testis
-ism– process; disease from a specific cause

failure of one or both testicles to descend. This causes low sperm count and male infertility.

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32
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation and infection of the epididymis. caused by bacterial urinary tract infection

epi– upon
didym/o– testes
-itis– inflammation

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33
Q

infertility

A

in– not
fertil/o– able to conceive a child
-ity– state; condition

may be caused by hormone imbalance of FSH or LH, or other reasons

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34
Q

oligospermia

A

olig/o– scanty; few
sperm/o– sperm
-ia– condition; state; thing

fewer than the normal number of sperm are prdocued by the testes.

35
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation or infection of the testes. Caused by bacteria, the mumps virus, or trauma.

orch/o– testis

36
Q

seminoma

A

testicular cancer

37
Q

varicocele

A

varicose vein in the spermatic cord to the testis

varic/o– varix; varicose vein
-cele– hernia

38
Q

BPH

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

hyper–above, more than normal
-trophy– process of development

Gradual enlargement of the prostate gland that normally occurs as a man ages. The enlarged prostate gland compresses the urethra and causes the bladder to retain urine. This causes hesitancy and dribbling on urination and a narrowed caliber of the urine stream.

39
Q

cancer of the prostate gland

A

most common cancer in men. Few early symptom because it grows slowly. Later, the cancer makes the prostate feel hard.

40
Q

malignancy

A

malign/o– intentionally causing harm; cancer
-ancy– state of

41
Q

prostatitis

A

acute or chronic bacterial infection of the prostate gland. Caused by urinary tract infection or STDs

42
Q

balanitis

A

balan/o– glans penis

inflammation and infection of the glans penis caused by a bacterium, virus, yeast, or fungus.

43
Q

chordee

A

downward curvature of the penis during an erection.

44
Q

dyspareunia

A

dis-pah-ROO-nee-ah

dys– painful
pareun/o– sexual intercourse
-ia– condition; state; thing

Painful or difficult sexual intercourse pain or postcoital pain

45
Q

postcoiital

A

post-after; behind
coit-/o– sexual intercourse
-al– pertainig to

After sex

46
Q

phimosis

A

congenital condition in which the opening of the foreskin is too small to allow the foreskin to pull back over the glans penis.

47
Q

smegma

A

white, cheesy discharge of skin cells and oils and can cause infection

48
Q

premature ejaculation

A

ejaculation of semen that ofen occurs with minimal stimulation and before the penis becomes fully erect to penetrate the vagina.

49
Q

pirapism

A

PRY-ah-pizm

priamp/o– persistent erection
-ism– process; disease

continuing erection fo the penis with pain and tenderness. Caused by spinal cord injury or side effect of drugs used to treat ED

50
Q

acid phosphatase

A

tests for an enzyme found in the prostate gland. Increase levels in the blood indicate cancer of the prostate that has metastasized to the body.

51
Q

PAP

A

Prostatic acid phosphatase

only measures acid phosphatase from the prostate gland.

52
Q

hormone testing

A

determines the levels of FSH and LH from the anerior pituitary gland and testosterones. used to diagnose infertitily problems

53
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

anti-against
-gen– that which produces (genesis)

detects glycoprotein in cells of the prostate gland. PSA is increased in men with prostate cancer. the higher the level, the more advanced the cancer.

54
Q

RPR

A

Rapid Plasma Reagin

blood test for syphilis

55
Q

VDRL

A

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

blood test for syphilis

56
Q

FTA-ABS

A

Flourescent-Treponemal Antibody aBSorption

blood test for syphilis

57
Q

test used in rape investigations

A

If presence of acid phosphatase in the vagina is found, this indicates sexual intercourse has occured.

58
Q

normal sperm count

A

greater than 50million/mL

59
Q

motility

A

motil/o- movement
-ity– state; condition

forward movement of sperm

60
Q

morphology

A

normal shape of sperm

morph/o– SHAPE, not change

61
Q

aspermia

A

a– without
sperm/o– sperm
-ia– condition

A semen analysis is done after a vasectomy to verify aspermia and a successful sterilization.

62
Q

ProstaScint scan

A

Procedure that uses ProstaScint to detect areas of metastasis from a primary site of prostate cancer.

63
Q

TRUS

A

Transrectal Ultrasonography

uses an ultrasound probe inserted into the rectum to obtain an image of the prostate gland

64
Q

DRE

A

Digital Rectal Examination

digit/o– digit (finger/toes)
-al– pertaining to

procedure to palpate the prostate gland. Gloved finger is inserted into rectum to feel the prostate gland for signs of tenderness, nodules, hardness, or enlargement. Should be done yearly in men over 40.

65
Q

newborn genital exam

A

examined for any sign of abnormal position of the urethral meatus or undescended testicles.

66
Q

TSE

A

testicular self-examination

should be done monthly to detect early signs of testicular cancer

67
Q

biopsy

A

to remove tissue from prostate gland to diagnose prostate cancer. inserted thru rectum or urethra.

68
Q

fine-needle aspiration biopsy

A

aspir/o– to breathe in; suck in
-ation– a process

performed to investigate low sperm count. a thin needle is inserted and a syringe is used to aspirate tissue.

69
Q

incisional biopsy

A

aka: open biopsy. performed when a mass is felt in a testis

70
Q

circumcision

A

circum– around
cis/o– cut
-ion– action; condition

procedure to remove the foreskin. This can be done to correct a tight prepuce and allow better hygiene of the glans penis.

71
Q

orchiectomy

A

or-kee-EK-toh-mee

procedure to remove a testis because of testicular cancer

72
Q

orchiopexy

A

-pexy– process of surgically fixing in place

procedure to reposition an undescended testicle and fix it within the scrotum

73
Q

penile implant

A

procedure to implan an inflatable penile prosthesis for patients with ED

74
Q

prostatectomy

A

procedure to remove the entire prostate gland along with the lymph nodes and stuff due to prostate cancer

75
Q

TURP

A

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

trans– across; through
urethr/o– urethra
-al– pertaining to

resect/o– to cut out and remove
-ion– action; condition

Procedure to reduce the size of the prostate gland in patiens with benign prostatic hypertrophy. TUPR is the most common surgical treatment for a moderatly to severely enlarged prostate gland.

76
Q

resectoscope

A

resect/o– to cut out; remove
-scope– instrument used to examine

Used in TURP

77
Q

PVP

A

Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate

Uses laser to treat enlarged prostate gland.

78
Q

HoLAP

A

Holmium Laser Ablation of the Prostate

Both HoLAP and PVP get same result as TURP but with less bleeding.

79
Q

TUMT

A

transurethral microwave therapy

uses microwave antenna to destroy prostatic tissue

80
Q

TUNA

A

Transurethral needle ablation

ablat/o– take away; destroy

uses resectoscope to place needles in the prostate gland to destroy prostatic tissue with radio waves and heat

81
Q

vasectomy

A

vas/o– blood vessel; vas deferens
-ectomy– surgical excision

procedure in the male to prevent pregnancy in the female. both vas deferens are divided, length of each tube is removed, and the cut ends are sutured and crushed or destroyed. spermatozoa are still produced, but are absorbed back into the body.

82
Q

vasovasostomy

A

vay-soh-vah-SAWS-toh-mee

reversal of a vasectomy. cut ends are rejoined

83
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

Medical Terms (11 decks)

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