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Medical Terms > Medical Terms Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Medical Terms Final Exam Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A varicocele can be the cause of:

A

Infertility

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2
Q

The condition ________ may be found in a diabetic patient who metabolizes fats instead of glucose for energy

A

Ketonuria

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3
Q

Drugs such as tolterodine (Detrol) that decrease the contractions of smooth muscle are helpful in treating:

A

Overactive bladder

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4
Q

An example of exfoliative cytology would be a:

A

Pap smear of broonchial washings for suspected lung cancer. Exfoliation involves shedding of cells. The Pap smear examines cells that are shed from the mucous membrane.

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5
Q

An elevated level of ________ in the blood can point to liver cancer.

A

Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)

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6
Q

Any type of difficult or abnormal labor and delivery is known as:

A

Dystocia. Correct! Dys- means painful, difficult, or abnormal, and toc/o- means childbirth or labor

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7
Q

Which of these surgical procedures is done to treat cancer?

A

prostatectomy

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8
Q

The medical word patent means

A

open

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9
Q

A medical procedure used to feel the prostate gland to detect enlargement or tenderness is abbreviated as:

A

TURP

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10
Q

Braxton Hicks refers to…

A

False labor pains

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11
Q

The inability to voluntarily retain urine is…

A

Incontinence

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12
Q

Decreased levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin may cause…

A

Depression

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13
Q

An abnormal, downward curvature of the penis is known as

A

Chordee

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14
Q

All of the following radiologic tests expose the patient to radiation except:

A

Ultrasonography, which uses sound waves

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15
Q

In which renal disease do substances from the immune response to streptococcus bacteria collect in the capillary network of the nephron?

A

glomerulonephritis. Antigen-antibody complexes from the immune response clog the glomeruli.

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16
Q

A patient with which metal object in the body will not be able to have an MRI because the object will be dislodged?

A

cochlear implant

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17
Q

Mary McLaughlin’s breast cancer is staged as: T3 N1 M0. This means that:

A

she has a large tumor that has spread to a lymph node but not to other organs.

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18
Q

PID is:

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. an infection of the internal female reproductive organs.

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19
Q

Without therapy, a person with impulse control disorder and trichotillomania will eventually become:

A

Bald

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20
Q

What is considered to be a screening test and NOT a diagnostic test?

A

Electron beam tomography

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21
Q

Which diagnostic test of the urinary system uses contrast dye injected into the ureters through a catheter in the bladder?

A

Retrograde pyelography

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22
Q

An inguinal hernia would appear in the area of the:

A

groin

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23
Q

Which of the following is an x-ray of the urinary system that uses contrast dye?

A

IVP. Intravaneous Pyelography uses contrast dye.

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24
Q

Which abbreviation indicates impotence in a male?

A

ED (Erectile Dysfunction)

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25
Q

A person with uremia would have a higher-than-normal level for which of these laboratory tests?

A

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

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26
Q

The combining form hebe/o- in hebephrenic schizophrenia means…

A

Youth

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27
Q

Telescoping of one segment of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent segment is known as a/an

A

intussusception

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28
Q

Which word would not be used to describe a cancerous tumor?

A

Encapsulated

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29
Q

Which medical procedure involves liquid nitrogen being sprayed or painted onto a small malignant lesion to freeze and destroy the tissue?

A

Cryosurgery

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30
Q

Which procedure removes the uterine tubes and ovaries?

A

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Salping/o- means uterine tube, and oophor/o- means ovary

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31
Q

Intravesical chemotherapy is a medical procedure using a catheter to insert a chemotherapy drug into the…

A

Bladder. Intra- = within; vesic/o- = bladder; -al = pertaining to

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32
Q

What does it mean if a psychiatrist documented that the patient had a flat affect?

A

There is no outward display on the face of any of the patient’s emotions or thoughts

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33
Q

Involuntary urination during sleep is known as

A

enuresis.

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34
Q

The abbreviation DT means:

A

delirium tremens.

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35
Q

Which is another name for venereal disease

A

Sexually transmitted disease

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36
Q

Mr. Isaiah Ritter had an abdominal aneurysm that showed up on a/an…

A

aortogram.

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37
Q

Excision of the tumor as well as the nearby organs because of wide-spread cancer is known as

A

exenteration

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38
Q

Which procedure removes the uterine tubes and ovaries

A

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

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39
Q

An ongoing life-saving procedure that is used to treat ESRD is

A

hemodialysis.

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40
Q

Which combining form means vagina

A

colp/o–

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41
Q

After four days of development, the fertilized ovum is known as a/an…

A

embryo. A fertilized ovum is known as an embryo until eight weeks; then it is called a fetus

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42
Q

Which gene is a risk factor for a type of breast cancer?

A

BRCA 1. The BRCA 1 or 2 gene increases the risk of developing cancer. BRCA stands for breast cancer

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43
Q

Most cells in the body divide by the process of…

A

mitosis

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44
Q

Which is a radiologic procedure in which x-rays are taken as the patient urinates and expels a contrast dye that was previously inserted into the bladder?

A

voiding cystourethrography

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45
Q

How could a woman know that she was ovulating?

A

She has a rise of body temperature.

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46
Q

Which procedure is referred to as a full body scan and uses a beam of electrons?

A

EBT. Electron Beam Tomography

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47
Q

The location of the corpora cavernosa is…

A

along the upper surface of the penis

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48
Q

Echolalia means

A

repeating words that someone else has said.

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49
Q

Which of the following is a cancer of the skin?

A

malignant melanoma

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50
Q

Two combining forms that mean bladder are cyst/o- and

A

vesic/o-.

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51
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma is a cancer of the…

A

bone

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52
Q

The patient had surgery to remove a part of his intestine and rejoin the cut ends of the intestine. The word for this procedure is:

A

Anastom/o– means to create an opening between two structures

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53
Q

The personality disorder that is characterized by disregard for rules, lying, truancy, fighting, drinking, and sexual promiscuity is known as…

A

sociopath, antisocial personality, psychopath

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54
Q

If a chest x-ray is taken so that the x-rays penetrate the front of the chest and exit through the patient’s back and then into the x-ray plate, this is a/an ________ chest x-ray.

A

AP (anteroposterior)

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55
Q

In nuclear medicine, areas of increased uptake are called…

A

hot spots

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56
Q

When a pregnant woman develops preeclampsia, she shows…

A

increased blood pressure, fluid retention, protein in the urine.

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57
Q

Which is the abbreviation for a type of feeding tube?

A

PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy)

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58
Q

To deter alcohol use, which drug will make a person physically ill when combined with alcohol?

A

Antabuse. Alcoholic beverages mixed with Antabuse will give a person a headache, nausea, and dizziness

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59
Q

VDRL tests for what?

A

syphilis

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60
Q

During surgery the patient was found to have choledocholithiasis. In the operative report that describes what was done during the surgery, which anatomical structure will have to be mentioned?

A

common bile duct

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61
Q

Which word means pertaining to the mood or state of mind?

A

Affective

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62
Q

CA 15-3 is a tumor marker to detect the presence of:

A

breast cancer

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63
Q

the acid phosphatase level was elevated on the laboratory report. The physician ordered further tests to determine if the patient has…

A

prostate cancer

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64
Q

Which treatment involves radioactive implants (needles, wires, capsules, pellets/seeds) inserted into the tumor or the tissue around the tumor?

A

interstitial radiotherapy

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65
Q

When a patient has a hernia that is swollen, and the intestines can no longer be pushed back into the abdominopelvic cavity, this is known as a/an ________ hernia

A

incarcerated

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66
Q

Peau d’orange is a sign of possible breast cancer and appears as a

A

dimpling of the skin of the breast.

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67
Q

Radioactive substances that emit positrons are used in ________ scans.

A

PET (Positron emission tomography)

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68
Q

Making up medical or psychiatric symptoms to get attention (but without realizing that it is to get attention) is known by the name of ________ disorder

A

Munchausen

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69
Q

The inability to voluntarily control bowel movements because of paralysis or dementia is known as:

A

incontinence

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70
Q

How does a xeromammogram differ from a mammogram?

A

The xeromammogram image is printed on dry paper rather than on x-ray film

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71
Q

A cesarean section would be performed for…

A

Placenta previa

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72
Q

An abnormal placement of the placenta with its edge partially or completely covering the cervical canal is known as:

A

placenta previa

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73
Q

Galactorrhea means a flow or discharge of:

A

Milk. Galact/o- means milk and -rrhea means flow

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74
Q

A varicose vein in the esophagus is known as a

A

varix

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75
Q

An EGD would include viewing which of the following:

A

stomach. EGD stands for: esophagogastroduodenoscopy

76
Q

The process of single cell destruction or programmed cell death is known as:

A

apoptosis

77
Q

Which is a nuclear medicine procedure that uses a radioactive tracer that collects in particular organs or tissues?

A

scintigraphy

78
Q

Which laboratory test is done to screen for prostate cancer?

A

PSA. Stands for: prostate-specific antigen

79
Q

Which type of polyp has a thin stalk that supports a ball-shaped, irregular top?

A

pedunculated

80
Q

Receptor assays are cytology tests done for which type of cancer?

A

breast

81
Q

X-rays are used during all of the following tests except:

A

magnetic resonance imaging.

82
Q

Which procedure involves the patient swallowing an endoscope that contains a tiny sound wave-emitting transducer at its tip? The tip is positioned in the esophagus so that it is directly behind the heart.

A

TEE (transesophageal echocardiogram)

83
Q

An example of brachytherapy would be:

A

placing a radioactive implant directly into the bladder for bladder cancer. Brachytherapy involves placement of a radioactive implant at a short distance from the cancer. Brach/y- = short; -therapy = treatment

84
Q

An excessive amount of urea in the blood because of renal failure is known as:

A

uremia.

85
Q

A patient had a colonoscopy for complaints of bouts of diarrhea, cramping, and abdominal pain. The colonoscopy revealed no visualized abnormalities. The most likely diagnosis for the patient is:

A

irritable bowel syndrome

86
Q

The urinary catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to remain for a period of time is a…

A

Foley catheter.

87
Q

A myomectomy is done to remove:

A

uterine fibroid tumors.

88
Q

Which blood test can point to cancer of the prostate gland when the result is elevated?

A

PSA

89
Q

Which drug that is used to induce labor?

A

Pitocin

90
Q

Which is the most common sexually transmitted disease? It is caused by a bacterium and sometimes causes painful urination in the male

A

chlamydia

91
Q

If a patient is taking a diuretic drug such as Lasix, it will be necessary to replace the potassium lost in the urine with the medication:

A

K-Dur.

92
Q

Which is the area of the kidney that includes the cortex and medulla?

A

parenchyma

93
Q

Which is a medical procedure in which an intravenous catheter is inserted into the arm and threaded into the superior vena cava so chemotherapy drugs can be administered?

A

PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter)

94
Q

Which is the unit of measurement for radiation exposure?

A

rem

95
Q

A grayscale ultrasonography or B scan is ________ dimensional

A

two

96
Q

Chronic, mild bipolar disorder with mood swings is known as:

A

cyclothymia.

97
Q

The normal, large puckered pouchs in the walls of the large intestine are called:

A

haustra.

98
Q

Anxiolytic drugs and minor tranquilizers are also known as:

A

antianxiety drugs.

99
Q

Which psychiatric therapy involves the patient thinking about a destructive behavior, coupled with a mild electric shock or noxious smell like ammonia?

A

aversion therapy

100
Q

The passage of blood in the stool is:

A

hematochezia.

chez/o– to pass feces

101
Q

A pregnancy test is a blood test performed to detect the presence of the hormone:

A

HCG. (human chorionic gonadotropin)

102
Q

The Philadelphia chromosome appears in:

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia.

103
Q

Gram-negative diplococcus (double sphere) bacterium describes:

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

104
Q

In addition to creating and excreting urine to rid the body of wastes, the kidney also influences

A

red blood cell production, blood pressure, the pH of the blood

105
Q

Which are examples of drugs that would be prescribed to treat a urinary tract infection?

A

Macrobid and Gantrisin

106
Q

the medical and surgical procedures that classify cancer by how far it has spread in the body are known as:

A

staging

107
Q

Which describes a woman who has had three spontaneous abortions and two live births?

A

G5, P2, Ab3

108
Q

Which is an appropriate drug to treat GERD?

A

Nexium. Nexium is a proton pump inhibitor that blocks production of hydrochloric acid in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

109
Q

The contrast medium that is instilled into the rectum to outline the colon and rectum for a radiologic procedure is:

A

Barium

110
Q

Which is an example of a psychiatric test used to assess personality, emotions, attitudes, motivation, and conflicts? The patient is shown pictures of social or interpersonal situations and describes what is happening in the picture

A

Thematic Apperception Test

111
Q 
G
T
P
A
L
A 
G- Number of times pregnant
T- Number of term births
P- Number of premature births
A- Number of abortions (spontaneous or induced)
L- Number of living children
112
Q

Which test involves passing a needle through the skin of the abdominal wall and injecting contrast dye into the liver?

A

PTC. PTC stands for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Per- means through or throughout, cutane/o- means skin. Trans- means across or through, hepat/o- means liver.

113
Q

Which drug is used to treat bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium (Lithobid)

114
Q

Which type of procedure uses an x-ray beam that is controlled by a computer?

A

CT Scan. Computerized tomography (CT) uses an x-ray beam and a computer.

115
Q

A preliminary radiograph taken before contrast dye is injected is referred to as a/an:

A

Scout film

116
Q

Steatorrhea is a symptom of:

A

pancreatitis.

117
Q

Cryosurgery would be an option to remove ________ lesions after these lesions are identified on colposcopy

A

Cervical

118
Q

Which procedure uses a CT scan to pinpoint the location of a mass in three dimensions and guide the biopsy needle?

A

stereotactic biopsy

119
Q

Which procedure is done in conjunction with extensive cancer surgery to remove possible sites of metastasis?

A

Lymph node dissection

120
Q

The substance surfactant is present in the fetus from the seventh month of gestation and beyond. When the surfactant has not yet reached a normal level, the newborn has problems:

A

breathing.

121
Q

Which contrast medium is used in an MRI scan?

A

gadolinium

122
Q

Which would be a normal finding in a urinalysis?

A

creatinine

123
Q

The MUGA scan assesses ________ function.

A

Heart. (Multiple-gated acquisition)… a type of scan

124
Q

Technetium-99m, xenon-133, and gallium-67 are radiopharmaceutical drugs that

A

emit gamma rays.

125
Q

A pregnant woman with ________ is more likely to carry a fetus that is large for its gestational age

A

diabetes mellitus

126
Q

A dosimeter is found in a…

A

film badge

127
Q

Debulking is a surgical procedure for cancer that has the intent of:

A

reducing the size of the tumor

128
Q

Which is a medical procedure that classifies cancer by how well differentiated the cells appear under the microscope?

A

Grading

129
Q

The Hickman, Broviac, and Groshong are:

A

central venous catheters

130
Q

Which neurotransmitter prepares the body for “fight or flight” and is seen in increased levels in patients with anxiety-related disorders?

A

epinephrine

131
Q

Inflammation or infection of the oviduct is called:

A

salpingitis. salping/o– (uterine tube/ fallopian tube)

132
Q

Inflammation of the anatomical structure that stores mature spermatozoa is called:

A

epididymitis

133
Q

Which type of drug treats the symptoms of menopause caused by a decreased level of estradiol?

A

hormone replacement therapy drugs

134
Q

Which test is done to determine if the uterine tubes are open and unobstructed?

A

hysterosalpingography

135
Q

Which surgical procedure involves placing sutures fashioned into a loop around the cervix?

A

cerclage

136
Q

Which type of cancer affects the connective tissues?

A

Sarcoma. Sarcomas affect the connective tissues, such as cartilage, bone, tendon, ligament, aponeurosis, fascia, fat, and subcutaneous tissue.

137
Q

Uterine descensus is also known as uterine:

A

Prolapse.

138
Q

An orchiopexy would be done for:

A

Cryptochism. Crypt/o- means hidden, and orch/o- means testis. An orchiopexy moves a testis hidden in the abdominal cavity and fixes it in the scrotum. The suffix -pexy means surgically fixing in place.

139
Q

Which is an environmental substance that can contribute to the development of cancer?

A

Carcinogen. Examples of environmental substances (called carcinogens) include radiation, chemicals, fumes, foreign particles, some chemotherapy drugs, and some hormone drugs.

140
Q

An intrathecal catheter will deliver a chemotherapy drug to treat cancer of the:

A

Spinal cord. Thec/o- means layer of membranes around the spinal cord.

141
Q

Which is another name for nephroblastoma?

A

Wilm’s tumor

142
Q

Inflammation of the oral mucosa of the mouth is:

A

stomatitis

143
Q

Another name for a seminoma is:

A

testicular cancer

144
Q

Which psychiatric test assesses the degree of depression?

A

BDI (Beck Depression Inventory)

145
Q

A urinometer or a refractometer is used to measure the ________ of urine.

A

specific gravity

146
Q

Which condition would fall under the Axis II method used to classify psychiatric conditions?

A

Mental Retardation

147
Q

Which word describes a characteristic of a hepatoma?

A

Metastatic

148
Q

A TURP is a surgery that would be performed for:

A

BPH (Benign prostatic hypertrophy)

149
Q

The first stool of the newborn is a greenish-black waste called:

A

meconium

150
Q

The abbreviation TAH-BSO means:

A

total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

151
Q

A neonate born at ________ weeks would be considered a term newborn

A

40

152
Q

Leukorrhea is a sign of a possible yeast infection that is known as:

A

Candidiasis

153
Q

Which is an abbreviation for an x-ray of the urinary organs?

A

KUB (Kidneys, ureters, bladder)

154
Q

The abbreviation BUS refers to which type of tissue in the female reproductive system?

A

glandular

155
Q

The first menses is known as:

A

Menarche

156
Q

The abbreviation ARF means:

A

Acute Renal Failure

157
Q

Mrs. Jeanne Smith had a DEXA scan to determine if she had…

A

osteoporosis. A DEXA scan is a bone density test

158
Q

For his genital herpes, the patient takes:

A

Zovirax. Zovirax is an antiviral drug.

159
Q

Which type of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is caused by exposure to the blood (or serum) of a person who is already infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

160
Q

After four days of development, the fertilized ovum is known as a/an:

A

Embryo. A fertilized ovum is known as an embryo until eight weeks; then it is called a fetus

161
Q

The Reed-Sternberg cell appears in a biopsy from which cancer?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

162
Q

Cancer cells that are described as undifferentiated may also be referred to as:

A

embryonal.

163
Q

Damage to the pores of the glomeruli that allows large amounts of albumin to leak into the urine, decreasing the amount of protein in the blood, is known as:

A

Nephrotic syndrome

164
Q

Anhedonia can be described as:

A

A lack of pleasure in any activity

165
Q

Which is the correct position for a lateral decubitus x-ray?

A

Lying on the side. Later/o- = side; -al = pertaining to. Decubitus = lying down

166
Q

Which type of procedure exposes the patient to the least amount of radiation?

A

Dental x-ray

167
Q

Which is a therapy for a severely depressed patient that involves inducing a seizure?

A

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)

168
Q

Which is a surgical incision into the posterior edge of the vagina to prevent the tissue from tearing during delivery of the baby?

A

Episiotomy
(Episi/o- = vulva
-tomy= process of cutting or making an incision)

169
Q

The process by which cells that were once mature and differentiated become undifferentiated and immature in appearance and behavior is known as:

A

anaplasia

ana– apart from
-plasia– abnormal condition of growth

170
Q

Which drug is used to treat the nausea and vomiting that occurs after chemotherapy?

A

Cesamet

171
Q

The part of the stomach that is superior to the pylorus is the:

A

Fundus

172
Q

Tardive dyskinesia, involuntary repetitive movements of the face and extremities, is a severe side effect of the drug Thorazine and of all ________.

A

antipsychotic drugs

Thorazine is an antipsychotic drug

173
Q

A nephropexy is done to correct:

A

Nephroptosis

174
Q 
Which word is misspelled?
Cirrhosis
hemorrhoids
ilius
ascites
A

ilius (absence of peristalsis). Suppose to be spelled: ILEUS

175
Q

What is a combining form that means rectum?

A

Proct/o-

176
Q

Chronic, progressive inflammation and finally irreversible degeneration of liver tissue, characterized by nodules and scarring, is known as:

A

Cirrhosis

177
Q

The abbreviation ERCP stands for:

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

178
Q

A patient with a disease of which organ will have a low level in the blood of the protein albumin?

A

Liver. Albumin is manufactured in the liver.

179
Q

Priapism creates pain and tenderness of the:

A

Penis

180
Q

The area of the brain involved in amnesia due trauma or disease is the:

A

Hippocampus

181
Q

A single hernia pouch in the muscular wall of the colon is spelled:

A

diverticulum

182
Q

Which is a congenital condition in which the female urethral meatus is incorrectly located near the clitoris or the male urethral meatus is incorrectly located on the upper surface of the shaft of the penis?

A

epispadias

183
Q

A hernia in which the bladder bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum is known as:

A

Cystocele

184
Q

The formation of an abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina is known as:

A

Vesicovaginal fistula

185
Q

The organism that causes genital warts is abbreviated as:

A

HPV

186
Q

Steatorrhea is a symptom of:

A

Pancreatitis

Medical Terms (11 decks)

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