MOD: 3 LESSON 1: Breast Cancer

Question 0

Which of the following does not significantly increase the risks of breast cancer?

A. early menstruation and late menopause

B. never having borne children

C. oral contraceptive use

D. a mother or sister with breast cancer

Answer 0

C. oral contraceptive use

Question 1

The major risk factors for breast cancer relate to what three criteria?

Answer 1

Family history of breast cancer; menstrual history; reproductive history

Question 2

The major risk factors for breast cancer relate to what three criteria?

Answer 2

Family history of breast cancer;
menstrual history;
reproductive history

Question 3

Carcinoma of the breast most frequently arises in what part of the breasts?

Answer 3

Glandular tissue of a large duct (adenocarcinomas)

Question 4

Approximately 90 % of breast tumors are discovered through breast self-exam (BSE).

True/False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

BSE should be performed yearly by women over 40 years of age.

True/False

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Mammography can be used as a replacement for BSE.

True/False

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What is most accurate means of definitively diagnosing breast cancer?

Answer 7

Biopsy

Question 8

Match the following stages of breast cancer with their descriptions.

STAGE __: tumor larger than 5 cm; nodal
involvement; no metastasis

STAGE __: tumor less than 2 cm; no nodal
involvement; no metastasis

STAGE __: tumor less than 5 cm; nodes may or
may not be involved; no metastasis

STAGE __: tumor of any size; nodal
involvement; evidence of metastasis

Answer 8

STAGE III: tumor larger than 5 cm; nodal
involvement; no metastasis

STAGE I: tumor less than 2 cm; no nodal
involvement; no metastasis

STAGE II: tumor less than 5 cm; nodes may or
may not be involved; no metastasis

STAGE IV: tumor of any size; nodal
involvement; evidence of metastasis

Question 9

What two classifications of breast cancer are key to predicting mode of treatment and patient prognosis?

Answer 9

stage of disease;

estrogen and progesterone receptor status

Question 10

True / False — Lumpectomy is frequently combined with axillary lymph node dissection and radiation therapy in the treatment of Stage I or II breast cancers.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What two surgical options have replaced radical mastectomy for the treatment of Stage I or II breast cancers?

Answer 11

modified radical mastectomy;

lumpectomy (or local wide excision or excisional biopsy)

Question 12

True / False — Radiation therapy for breast cancer may consist of external beam therapy to the whole breast or implanted radioactive sources at the tumor site.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Hormonal therapy is most appropriate for:
A. receptor-positive tumors.
B. receptor-negative tumors.

Answer 13

A. receptor-positive tumors.

Question 14

The choice of chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of breast cancer may depend on what three parameters?

Answer 14

hormone receptor status of the tumor;
stage of the disease;
menopausal status of the patient

Question 15

Oophorectomy is often performed on:
A. premenopausal patients with early stage disease.

B. premenopausal patients with advanced disease.

C. postmenopausal patients with early or advanced disease.

Answer 15

A. premenopausal patients with early stage disease.

B. premenopausal patients with advanced disease.

Question 16

What is the preferred hormonal agent for the treatment of breast cancer?

Answer 16

tamoxifen

Question 17

What two combination chemotherapeutic regimens are the preferred treatment for receptor-negative tumors?

Answer 17

CAF: cyclophosphamide, ADRIAMYCIN® (doxorubicin), fluorouracil

CMF: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil

Question 18

The mortality rate from breast cancer has increased significantly in recent years. True/False

Answer 18

FALSE