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Health 299 > Mod 3 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Mod 3 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Name the Six essential nutrient categories:
  2. What are Functions of Essential Nutrients in the Body?
  3. What is CHO?
  4. ………….. nutrients can be made by the body. ……….. nutrients cannot be made by the body and must be consumed.
  5. Energy released from food is measured in ……….. .
A
  1. Carb, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
  2. provide energy, regulate body processes, tissue growth and repair.
  3. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (organic nutrients)
  4. Nonessential, Essential
  5. kcal or calories
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2
Q
  1. What is dietary fiber?
  2. Carbs get broken down into …………., which is the most efficient form of energy for the body.
  3. Where are simple carbs found?
  4. Where are complex carbs found?
A
  1. Fiber the body can’t break down
  2. glucose
  3. fruits, milk, sweetner
  4. cereal, grain, some fruits, and vegetables
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3
Q
  1. Protein is composed of .. amino acids.
  2. Where are the 9 essential amino acids found?
  3. What happens when we consume excess protein?
A
  1. 20
  2. animal and plant sources
  3. The body converts it and stores it as fat.
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4
Q
  1. …………. Provide densest form of energy
  2. What are the 3 types of lipids?
  3. Is there a correlation btw lipid intake and disease?
  4. Do lipids help produce hormones?
A
  1. Lipids
  2. triglycerides (3 types), phospholipids (lecithin), and sterols (cholesterol)
  3. yes
  4. yes
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5
Q
  1. Compounds that indirectly assist other nutrients through processes of digestion, absorption, metabolism, and excretion are called………? They can be …….. soluble and ………… soluble.
  2. How many vitamins are there? Where are they found?
  3. What substances are found in the fluids of the body and play a structural role in the body?
  4. How many essential minerals are there, and how are they classified?
  5. Where are minerals found?
  6. What substance plays a part in every body tissue, and as a blood constituent transports nutrient?
  7. What are the signs of dehydration?
  8. How many cups of water per day?
A
  1. Vitamins, fat and water
    1. Many foods especially fruits and vegetables
  3. Minerals
  4. 16 . Major and trace
  5. meat, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and legumes
  6. water
  7. impaired motor control, increase in temperature, loss of appetite, and increased heart rate.
  8. 9-13
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6
Q
  1. What are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI’s)?
  2. What is the goal of DRI’s
  3. What is RDA?
  4. What agencies set these guidelines?
A
  1. data-based dietary guidelines for individuals and populations.
  2. assessment of nutrient function to reduce disease,

ensuring adequate nutrient intake

Evaluation of nutrient consumption levels among US and Canadian populations.

  1. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
  2. USDA, and Department of Health and Human Services
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7
Q
  1. What are the 3 principles of adequate eating?

2. What are the 3 results of imbalanced dietary intake?

A
  1. Assortment, balance, and nutrient density

2. undernutrition, overnutrition, and malnutrition

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8
Q
  1. What is the purpose of My Plate?

2. What are the 4 themes of MyPlate?

A
  1. To translate nutrient recommendations into food we eat. (implement DRI’s)
  2. variety, proportionality, moderation, and activity
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9
Q
  1. -4. What are the 4 major dietary guidelines from the US Department of Health and Human Safety
  2. What do health claims strive to do?
A
  1. Follow and support healthy eating across the lifespan.
  2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
  3. Limit calories from sugars and saturated fats. Reduce sodium.
  4. shift to healthier food and beverage.
  5. relate a nutrient or food component to risk of a disease or health-related condition.
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10
Q
  1. what does potassium help with?
  2. What do whole grains do?
  3. What does calcium help?
  4. What makes a food organic (3 criteria)?
A
  1. reduces hypertension
  2. reduced heart disease and cancer
  3. osteoporosis.
  4. good for environment,

no antibiotics or growth hormones (animals),

no pesticides, synthetic fertilizer, bioengineering, or radiation

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11
Q
  1. What are the most common pathogens or contaminents of food?
A
  1. pesticides, chemicals, physical items (glass, wood, dirt), E. coli, salmonella, prions (cause Mad Cow disease).
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12
Q
  1. rickets, scurvi, ect are a deficiency of ……………. . When were these diseases most prevalent in the USA? What have we changed to help this problem?
  2. Today most common deficiencies are iron and calcium which result in …………… and …………… .
  3. What do Americans eat too much of (4)?
  4. What are the effects of anorexia-bulimia? In what parts of the world is this common?
  5. What is the rate of obesity is American adults? American children? What situations are implicated in obesity?
  6. What are the four leading diet-related causes of death?
  7. What nutrients cause CHD, CVA, hypertension, and heart disease?
  8. What types of food cause cancer?
  9. How can osteoporosis be avoided thru diet?
  10. What is the best way to manage type 2 diabetes? How many Americans are affected?
A
  1. vitamins (D or niacin). 1940’s Not common today. Foods are now fortified
  2. anemia and osteoporosis
  3. saturated fats, cholesterol, sodium, and sugars
  4. Alterations in BP and HR, hypoglycemia, depletion of lean body mass, anemia, bone loss, and psychological effects. Most common in developing countries
  5. 2 in 3 adults, 1 in 3 children. Socioeconomic, race, and environmental implications
  6. heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes
  7. cholesterol, saturated fats, and sodium
  8. saturated fats, processed meats, sugars
  9. no smoking, eat dairy, Maximize mineral bone density in childhood.
  10. MNT medical nutritional therapy (monitoring metabolics). 25.8 million Americans affected
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13
Q
  1. What is BMI?
  2. What BMIs are normal, overweight, and obese?
  3. What kinds of deaths do alcohol cause?
A
  1. Body Mass Index: a measure of body fat based on height and weight
  2. 18.5 - 25 is normal BMI. 25 - 30 is overweight. BMI over 30 is obese 40 and up is morbidly obese
  3. Cirrhosis, accidents, suicide, and hommicide
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14
Q
  1. How many American households have food insecurity?
  2. How does food insecurity lead to obesity?
  3. Which government programs that provide food to different groups?
  4. What percentage of Americans are below the poverty line? What percentage of these are children? Elderly?
A
  1. 50 million households
  2. because calorie dense foods are cheaper than nutrient dense foods.
  3. SNAP (food stamps) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

National School Lunch Program NSLP

School Breakfast Program (SBP)

WIC - supplemental nutrition for women, infants, and children (under 5 y.o)

Commoditity Supplemental Food Program (for Native Americans)

The Older Adults Nutrition Service Program (meals on wheels)

  1. 15% of whole population, 35% are children, 28% are disabled, 25% are elderly
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15
Q
  1. What is nutritional screening?
  2. Who is at a disproportionate risk (which population group)?
  3. Identify 5 nutritional problems that could be assessed by screening:
A
  1. identifying risk factors of with dietary/nutrition problems
  2. elderly
  3. Involuntary loss of >10 lb in 6 months

Problems complying with a special diet

Inability to self-feed or prepare food

high cholesterol

Obesity or inadequate food intake

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16
Q
  1. How can HIV be managed thru diet?
A
  1. Minimize nutritional consequences of disease (e.g., severe weight loss, effects from depression)

Initial nutritional assessment needed

Nutrient dense, protein rich, well balanced

Vitamin and mineral supplement

Focus on food sanitation

Consider nutrition need for comorbidities

Avoid breastfeeding (vertical HIV transmission)

17
Q
  1. What is an intrinsic source of stress v. an extrinsic source of stress v. modifiable?
  2. What is eustress v. distress?
  3. What are physiological v. psychological stressors?
A
  1. Extrinsic: don’t have control over.

Intrinsic: stress created or worsened by individual (negative thinking)

modifiable: individual can modify through change
2. Eustress: challenging and useful stress; not destructive

Distress: chronic or excessive stress

  1. physiological: pain, excessive noise, starvation, infection.
    psychological: death of loved one, caring for a sick loved one, marital probs
18
Q
  1. What is the stress hormone associated with the peripheral nervous system?
  2. What is the stress hormone associated with the anterior pituitary?
  3. What is the stress hormone associated with the adrenal cortex?
  4. What is the stress hormone associated with the adrenal medulla?
  5. What is the stress hormone associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
A
  1. corticotropin releasing hormone
  2. ACTH
  3. corticosteroids
  4. epinephrine
  5. norepinephrine
19
Q
      1. What are the physical, behavioral, and emotional, cognitive, spiritual, and relational signs and symptoms of stress?
A
  1. physical: headaches, indigestion, stomachache, sweaty palms, sleep diff, dizziness
  2. behavioral: smoking, bossiness, compulsive gum chewing, critical attitudes, teeth grinding, alcohol, compulsive eating, inability to get things done
  3. emotional: crying, nervousness, anxiety, boredom, edginess, feeling powerless, overwhelming pressure, anger, loneliness, unhappiness, easily upset
  4. cognitive: trouble thinking clearly, lack of creativity, memory loss, inability to make decisions, thoughts running away, worry, loss of sense of humor
  5. Spiritual: emptiness, loss of meaning, doubt, unforgiving, martyrdom, looking for magic, loss of direction, cynicism, apathy, need to prove self
  6. Relational:
    isolation, intolerance, resentment, loneliness, lashing out, hiding, clamming up, lowered sex-drive, nagging, distrust, lack of intimacy, using people
20
Q
      1. describe positive, tolerable, and toxic degrees of stress:
  2. Name several stress management interventions:
  3. What is effective coping?
A
  1. Positive: brief increase in heart rate, intensified focus, mild elevation in stress hormones
  2. serious but temporary stress buffered by positive relationships
  3. intense prolonged. No buffering of positive relationships
4.     Relaxation,
o	Writing
o	Diet
o	Physical activity
o	Sleep
o	Cognitive-behavioral  restructuring
o	Affirmations, clarifying values
o	Social support
o	Spiritual support
  1. choosing the right strategy at the right time

Health 299 (7 decks)

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