Mod 2

Question 1

When developing silvicultural plans for a site, what is the standard for management with respect to the target timeframe?

Answer 1

The objective would be to manage the stand in such a way so as to reproduce the seral stage that is best suited to the chosen species.

Question 2

How is seed tree silviculture system implemented?

Answer 2

Harvested in 2 entries, the first removed the majority of the stand, leaving only seed trees. The second removes the seed trees to produce an even aged stand.

Question 3

What does silvicultural feasibility refer to?

Answer 3

Silvicultural feasibility

• pick species that are ecologically suitable for site.
• pick species least costly to get to rotation.
• is most likely to reach rotation.
• financially sound.

Question 4

how are age classes separated?

Answer 4

In BC, we use 20 years to separate age classes

Question 5

What are the 4 stages of stand development in BC forests?

Answer 5

• Stand initiation (can be quick (Pl) or long)
• Stem exclusion (crown closure and competition for resources - minimal ingress)
• Understory re-initiation/ stand differentiation (continued competition creates openings - ingress)
• Old growth

Question 6

What is ingress?

Answer 6

natural seeding

Question 7

What would be the best measure of average if you were trying to determine stand age?

Answer 7

Median since it is less effected by outliers

Question 8

What is the difference between even and uneven aged stands?

Answer 8

Even aged - one or 2 age classes. Range of ages does not exceed more than 20% of the rotation age.

Uneven aged - generally have more than 2 age classes (Usually tolerant species).

Question 9

What is seed periodicity?

Answer 9

The regularity of seed production (varies among species)
Pl - lots of seed at young age
Fd / true firs have spotty seed production

Question 10

What is the relationship between aggressive harvesting and stand development?

Answer 10

The more aggressively a stand is harvested, the longer it will take to advance through seral stages and return to normal productivity.

Question 11

What is the german word for uneven stand management?

Answer 11

Plenterwald

Question 12

What is the german word for even stand management?

Answer 12

Hochwald

Question 13

What are tree classes used for?

Answer 13

tolerant trees

Question 14

What are the 4 tree classes?

Answer 14

Layer 4: Regen stage (less than 1.3m)
Layer 3: Sapling stage (less than 7.5cm dbh at 1.3m)
Layer 2: Pole stage (between 7.5 and 12.5cm and above 1.3m)
Layer 1: Mature stage (greater than 12.5cm dbh and above 1.3m)

Question 15

What are crown classes used for?

Answer 15

Intolerant trees

Question 16

What are the 4 crown classes?

Answer 16

Dominant trees: Biggest and tallest, receive sun from top and sides
Co-dominant trees: Trees of average crown size in the stand, receive sun from above and diffused light from the sides.
Intermediate trees: Shorter than co-doms and crown placement below co-doms. limited light.
Suppressed trees: Below all others, no direct light.

Question 17

What are some drawbacks to even aged stands?

Answer 17

• Lack of biodiversity and structural diversity.
• Reduced habitat types.
• Less resistant to timber destroying events.
• require intermediate treatments to increase value.

Question 18

What is an important consideration when planting mixed species?

Answer 18

Ensure similar silvical characteristics and growth rates to avoid multiple entries.