Mod 2 Flashcards
Cell membrane/plasma membrane
Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell; made of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails and cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates
Nucleus
Control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulates gene expression
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration
Cellular respiration
Process of converting sugar and oxygen into ATP
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport, synthesize, store; rough and smooth
Rough ER
Has ribosome; responsible for protein synthesis, packaging, and modification
Smooth ER
Lacks ribosomes; responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, packages proteins and lipids for transport; “post office”
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, packages proteins and lipids for transport; “post office”
Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris; “clean up crew”
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis found free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that provide structural support and facilitate cell movement
Cytoplasm
Material between plasma membrane and nucleus; jelly like substance, holds all organelles
Cilia
Hair like structures that “sweep” substances across the surface
Centriole
Form and organize spindle fibers during cell division
Microvilli
Increase surface tension for absorption
Nuclear envelope
Protects nucleus, has nuclear pores for chemical reaction channels
Nucleolus
Makes RNA for ribosomal construction
Chromosome
Tight could of information/DNA in dividing cells
Chromatin
How to store information when cell doesn’t divide
Nucleotides
Building blocks of nucleic acids
Phosphate group
Links nucleotides together through phosphodiester bonds
Five carbon sugar
Deoxyribose(DNA) or ribose (RNA)
Nitrogenous base
DNA: thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine
RNA: uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine
