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Neuroscience > Mod 10 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Mod 10 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where are sensory nuclei of CNs lie in the brain and where do motor nuclei lie?

A

sensory: lateral
motor: medial

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2
Q

What makes CN I (olfactory) special?

A

does not:
- synapse in thalamus before reaching cerebral cortex
- attach brainstem
- have DRG equivalent

is: part of CNS

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3
Q

What forms the olfactory bulb?

A

bipolar neurons

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4
Q

What type of neurons fill the olfactory tract?

A

secondary neurons

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5
Q

How do you evaluate CN I in clinic?

A

test each nostril separately with familiar scent
- can have affect on olfaction, emotion, and memory

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6
Q

What is anosmia?

A

the inability to smell that may occur from a common cold, COVID, trauma, or PD and Alzheimer’s

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7
Q

What type of cell axons form the optic nerve?

A

retinal ganglion cell axons

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8
Q

Which CNs are components of the CNS?

A

olfactory and optic

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9
Q

How does the fact that CN II is part of the CNS have affect when it comes to diseases of the CNS?

A

patients with MS typically experience visual deficits first which can indicate MS

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10
Q

What are the ways to evaluate CN II in clinic?

A
  • snellin chart
  • quadrant testing
  • pupillary light reflex (afferent limb)
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11
Q

How does CN III have a visceral motor function?

A

edinger - westfall nucleus is parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nucleus that control the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle

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12
Q

Which eye muscles does CN III innervate?

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris
  • medial rectus
  • inferior oblique
  • inferior rectus
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13
Q

What is the pupillary light reflex?

A

shine light in the eyes
- consensual response: pupil constriction in opposite eye (CN II)
- direct response: pupil constriction in same eye (CN III)

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14
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

denotes pupillary size inequality

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15
Q

How would damage to CN II affect the pupillary light reflex?

A

no relay to the lateral geniculate nucleus so opposite CN III cannot fire

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16
Q

How would damage to CN III affect the pupillary light reflex?

A

no ipsilateral contraction due to the nerve not being able to accept the relayed communication from CN II

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17
Q

What is a good way to remember which extra ocular muscles are innervated by a CN?

A

SO4, LR6, the rest are 3

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18
Q

Where does CN III emerge from?

A

midbrain

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19
Q

What is the role of CN IV?

A

innervates superior oblique muscle

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20
Q

What is unique about CN IV?

A

axons leaving the trochlear nucleus cross midline to innervate contralateral superior oblique muscles

only CN to exit dorsal brainstem

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21
Q

What function is CN III?

A

somatic motor and visceral motor

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22
Q

What is the function of CN IV?

A

somatic motor

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23
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

somatic motor

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24
Q

Where is the abducens nucleus located?

A

caudal pons

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25
Q

What does CN VI do?

A

innervates lateral rectus muscles

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26
Q

How do you evaluate CN III, IV, and VI function in clinic?

A

H test
- smoothness
- convergence/divergence
- pupillary light reflex

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27
Q

What is opthalmoplegia?

A

disorder of eye movement causing the paralysis of one or more of the extra ocular muscles

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28
Q

What is strabismus?

A

disorder of eye movement causing the inability to direct both eyes to the same object

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29
Q

What is the difference between lateral and medial strabismus?

A

lateral: CN III paralysis (stuck lateral)
medial: CN VI paralysis (stuck medial)

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30
Q

What is diplopia?

A

disorder if eye movement causing double vision

31
Q

What is ptosis?

A

disorder of eye movement causing weakness of levator palpebrae superioris muscle

32
Q

What is the function of CN V?

A

general sensory and branchial motor

33
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • ophthalmic (V1)
  • maxillary (V2)
  • mandibular (V3)
34
Q

Where are the trigeminal nerve sensory nuclei located in the brain?

A

large and located in the midbrain, pons, medulla, and cervical spinal cord

35
Q

Where are the trigeminal nerve motor nuclei located?

A

pons

36
Q

What does CN V do?

A

sensory innervation of face and head, motor innervation to muscles of mastication, small branch to tensor tympani

37
Q

What is the main sensory nucleus of CN V role?

A

fine touch, pressure, vibration

38
Q

What is the spinal nucleus of CN V role?

A

nociception and temperature

39
Q

What is the mesencephalic nucleus of CN V role?

A

jaw proprioception (jaw reflex efferent limb)

40
Q

What is the motor nucleus of CN V role?

A

muscles of mastication and tensor tympani

41
Q

What is the motor pathway and UMN/LMN of the face?

A

corticobulbar tract

UMN: primary cerebral cortex
LMN: motor nucleus CN V

42
Q

What is the fine touch, pressure, and vibration pathway of the face?

A

trigeminal pathway

43
Q

What is the proprioception pathway of the face?

A

trigeminal pathway

44
Q

What is the nociception and temperature pathway of the face?

A

trigeminal pathway

45
Q

Where do the primary afferents of the trigeminal system terminate?

A

main trigeminal sensory, spinal nucleus, and mesencephalic nucleus

46
Q

How do you evaluate the trigeminal nerve in clinic?

A

sensory test for DCML and STT (light touch, sharp, dull)

palpate MoM and resist jaw opening

47
Q

What is herpes zoster opthalmicus?

A

inflammatory and infectious disease that causes 2-3 days of severe pain along V1 distribution with rash soon after

could cause corneal damage

48
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

general sensory

special sensory

branchial motor

parasympathetic motor

49
Q

Where do CN VII nuclei lie?

A

pons and medulla

50
Q

What does the facial nerve do?

A

innervate sensory of ext ear, anterior 2/3 tongue for taste, muscles of facial expression, stapedius, lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands

51
Q

How do we evaluate CN VII in clinic?

A

special sensory: ask about taste

branchial motor: muscles of facial expression

52
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

most common disease of CN VII caused by herpes simplex virus

paralysis of facial muscles, and impaired corneal blink reflex

53
Q

What is important to remember about Bell’s palsy and how it affects facial muscles?

A

UMN weakness: more observable in lower facial muscles

LMN weakness: more observable in both upper and lower facial muscles

54
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

A

special sensory

55
Q

What does CN VIII do?

A

conveys vestibular and cochlear info

56
Q

Where is CN VIII nuclei located?

A

caudal pons and rostral medulla

57
Q

How do we clinically evaluate CN VIII?

A
  • finger rub or whisper test
  • Romberg/sharpened romberg
58
Q

Where does CN VIII enter the brainstem?

A

rostral medulla

59
Q

What is the function of CN IX?

A
  • general sensory
  • special sensory
  • visceral sensory
  • branchial motor
  • visceral motor
60
Q

Where are the nuclei of CN IX?

A

rostral medulla

61
Q

Where does CN IX attach to the brainstem?

A

causal medulla

62
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A
  • general sensory
  • special sensory
  • branchial motor
  • visceral motor
63
Q

Where are the nuclei of CN X located?

A

mid medulla

64
Q

How do you clinically evaluate CN IX and X?

A
  • soft palate movement (“ah”)
  • observe swallow
  • observation of vocal quality
65
Q

What can lesions of CN IX and X cause?

A

hoarseness of speech and difficulty swallowing

66
Q

What side does the uvula deflect if damage to CN IX?

A

deflect to unaffected side

67
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

branchial motor

68
Q

Where are the nuclei of CN XI located?

A

medulla and cervical spinal cord

69
Q

What does CN XI do?

A

SCM and traps

70
Q

How do we clinically evaluate CN XI?

A

shoulder shrug test and resisted head turning

71
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

somatic motor

72
Q

Where are the nuclei of CN XII located?

A

medulla

73
Q

What does CN XII do?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

74
Q

How do we clinically evaluate CN XII?

A
  • protrusion and speech articulation
  • “late night downtown”
  • lick the lesion (goes toward affected side

Neuroscience (15 decks)

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