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A Level History ITALY > MOCKS: 'The process of Italian unification in the years 1852-61 owed most to the work of Cavour'. How far do you agree? > Flashcards

MOCKS: 'The process of Italian unification in the years 1852-61 owed most to the work of Cavour'. How far do you agree? Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 individuals in this essay?

A

Cavour
Victor Emmanuel 11
Napoleon 111
Garibaldi

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2
Q

When did Cavour become PM? What did he first do?

A

1852
Started economic reform.

Connubio: Made parliamentary agreement with Urbano Ratazzi which strengthened parliament against the crown.

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3
Q

When did Cavour attack the church’s wealth and estates? How many?

A

1855 after VE11 pressure.

Crushed 152 monasteries and 1.7k benefices. This reduced church influence.

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4
Q

How much did Cavour’s crushing of monasteries and benefices add to the state’s income?

A

Added £145.6k.

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5
Q

When did Cavour sack Ratazzi and why?

A

1857.
For stability.

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6
Q

How did Cavour streamline government?

A

Made himself the PM, Foreign Minister, and Finance Minister.
Appointed La Mamora to reform the army, and financial reforms.

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7
Q

Provide an example of infrastructure Cavour developed.

A

1855.
1st steam ship “The Sicilia”.

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8
Q

By the end of the 1850s, how much railway did Cavour create for Piedmont?

A

819km.

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9
Q

Who did Cavour do trade agreements with?

A

Britain, France, and Belgium.

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10
Q

When did Cavour join the Crimean War? What did this lead to?

A

January 1855.
Provided 18k Piedmontese troops as an international favour.
Led to diplomatic status growth.

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11
Q

When was the Congress of Paris? How did it help Piedmont?

A

1856, following Crimean War.
Made countries more aware of Piedmont’s situation.

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12
Q

When was the Pact of Plombieres? What happened?

A

21st July 1858.
Between Cavour and Napoleon.
Plans for French military intervention in return for Nice and Savoy.

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13
Q

What revolts did Cavour encourage?

A

Revolts in the Central Duchies.

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14
Q

Who appointed Cavour?

A

Victor Emmanuel 11.

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15
Q

What significant powers did VE11 retain?

A

Law by decree, army, and foreign policy.

But mainly gave this responsibility to Cavour.

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16
Q

When and what was the September Convention?

A

1864.
VE11 negotiated with Napoleon 111.
Agreed Rome evacuation if capital was changed to Florence.

Allowed further gains- Rome!!

17
Q

How did VE11 play a diplomatic role in the Pact of Plombieres?

A

His daughter Clotilde married to Jerome Bonaparte.

Supported and endorsed the pact.

18
Q

What famous speech did VE11 deliver and when? How was this significant?

A

January 1859- Grido di Delore speech.
Inspired nationalists.

However, may have been written by Napoleon 111.

19
Q

How did people’s voting in plebiscites show VE11 was a figurehead?

A

People voted for the annexation to the ‘constitutional monarchy of VE 11’.

20
Q

How did VE11 have a better relationship with Garibaldi?

A

August 1860.
Garibaldi handed over the south to VE 11.
Saluted him as ‘first king of Italy’.

21
Q

Who did Napoleon encourage and why?

A

Laffite and Rothschild in the investment of the Mount Cenis tunnel.
Connected France to Italy… exports!

22
Q

When was the Orsini bomb plot? How did Napoleon use this?

A

1858.
Used it as an excuse to get involved with unification.

23
Q

How many troops did Napoleon provided in the 1859 war against Austria?

A

200k troops.

24
Q

How did Napoleon play a key military role?

A

Won Magenta and Solferino (17k Allied injuries, 21k Austria).
Brought end to fighting with the Treaty of Villafranca.

25
Q

What did Napoleon do with Venetia?

A

Left Venetia in the hands of Austria.

26
Q

When did Garibaldi set sail with the “The Thousand? What happened?

A

1860.
Gathered force of 1.2k volunteers.
Worked with peasants, bandits and local mafia to liberate Sicily from Naples.

Unified the south.

27
Q

What did Garibaldi threaten to split?

A

Nationalism in Italy.

28
Q

How was Garibaldi a dictator of Sicily?

A

Garibaldi wasn’t fighting for ‘Italia’.
Led to a peasant revolt.

29
Q

How did Garibaldi’s conquest of the south leave problems for Piedmont?

A

The promise of land reform and lower taxes were impossible.
Led to Brigand’s war.

A Level History ITALY (6 decks)

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