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A Level History ITALY > MOCKS: How accurate is it to say that it was mainly the role of Italians themselves that shaped Italian unification in the years 1858-70? (2022) > Flashcards

MOCKS: How accurate is it to say that it was mainly the role of Italians themselves that shaped Italian unification in the years 1858-70? (2022) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 agreeing points?

A

Cavour
VE11

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2
Q

What are the 2 disagreeing points?

A

The French
Other nations: Austria, Prussia, Britain.

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3
Q

What did Cavour do in 1857 for government stability?

A

Sacked Ratazzi.

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4
Q

How did Cavour streamline government?

A

Made himself PM, foreign minister, and finance minister.
La Marmora reformed army, and got financial administrative reforms.

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5
Q

Provide a famous example of infrastructure Cavour built.

A

1855
1st steam ship.
“The Sicilia”

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6
Q

By the end of the 1850s, how much railway did Piedmont have?

A

819km, 1/3 of all Italian railway.

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7
Q

Who did Cavour make trade agreements with?

A

Britain, France, and Belgium.

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8
Q

When was the Pact of Plombieres? How did Cavour have a role?

A

21st July 1858.
Cavour negotiated with Napoleon 111 for French military intervention in return for Nice and Savoy.

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9
Q

Where did Cavour encourage revolts?

A

Central Duchies.

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10
Q

How much money did the French invest into Italian railways?

A

280 million franks.

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11
Q

Which 2 Frenchmen invested in Italian projects? Example?

A

Laffite and Rothschild, encouraged by Napoleon.

E.g., 1857 Mount Cennis Tunnel.

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12
Q

When and how was the Orsini bomb plot significant in French involvement?

A

1858
Napoleon used it as an excuse to get involved with Italy.

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13
Q

How was Napoleon involved in the Pact of Plombieres?

A

Napoleon provided 200k troops for war against Austria.

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14
Q

How did France play a key military role in 1859?

A

Won Magenta and Solferino.

21k Austrian casualties, only 17k allied.

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15
Q

How did the French bring an end to the 1859 war?

A

With the Treaty of Villafranca.

BUT… left Venetia in Austrian hands.

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16
Q

In 1859, what did Napoleon allow Cavour to do?

A

Allowed Cavour to invade the Papal States.

This facilitated the annexation of central Italy.

17
Q

What significant powers did VE11 retain?

A

Law by decree, army and foreign policy.

Mainly delegated this responsibility to Cavour.

18
Q

When and what was the September Convention?

A

1864
VE11 negotiated with Napoleon and agreed French to leave Rome if the Capital was changed from Turin to Florence.

19
Q

How did VE11 play a diplomatic role in the Pact of Plombieres?

A

His daughter Clotilde married Jerome Bonaparte.

VE11 supported and endorsed the pact.

20
Q

When and what speech did VE11 deliver? Impact?

A

January 1859
Grido di Delore speech.

Inspired nationalists, provoke the 1859 war.
May have been written by Napoleon…

21
Q

How did plebiscites show VE11 was a figurehead?

A

People voted for the annexation to the ‘constitutional monarchy of VE11’.

22
Q

When and where did Garibaldi hand over the south to VE11?

A

22nd August 1860
Teano.

23
Q

Who never recognised VE11 as king of Italy?

A

The Papacy.

24
Q

What did VE11 takeover after Cavour’s death?

A

Foreign policy.

25
Q

VE11 controlled the armies in the 1866 war. Results?

A

Defeated at Custoza and Lissa despite outnumbering Austrian forces.

26
Q

What did VE11 do in 1870?

A

Entered Rome, set up a residence in the Quirinal Palace.
Marked the capital.

27
Q

When and what happened to Austria in the Battle of Solferino?

A

1859
21k Austrian causalities compared to only 17k allied.

28
Q

What war did Austria beat Italy in? Impacts?

A

1866 at Custoza and Lissa.

Small setback for Italy but highlighted challenges.

29
Q

When did Prussia beat Austria? Why was this good for Italy?

A

1866 Battle of Koniggratz

Italy relied on Prussia’s victory, weakened Austria.
Led to Austro-Prussian peace treaty which gave France Venetia.
France gave Venetia to Italy in the 1866 Treaty of Vienna.

30
Q

When and what was the Treaty of Vienna?

A

1866
France gave Italy Venetia.

31
Q

How did Britain’s non-intervention policy help unification?

A

Allowed the success of Garibaldi’s 1860 expedition of ‘The Thousand’ which led to the geographical unification of the south.

A Level History ITALY (6 decks)

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