MOCKS: “Cavour was the driving force behind the events leading up to the outbreak of the second war of Italian Independence” (1859). How far do you agree? (2017)

Question 1

What are the 4 factors?

Answer 1

Political diplomacy
Victor Emmanuel 11
Piedmont’s modernisation
Napoleon 111

Question 2

PD: Why did Cavour dislike Austrian attitudes to Lombardy?

Answer 2

Believed it made Italian nationalists more revolutionary.

Question 3

PD: What was Piedmont’s foreign policy like?

Answer 3

Anti-Austrian.

Question 4

PD: When and how did Cavour get Piedmont involved in the Crimean War?
Consequences?

Answer 4

January 1855
18k Piedmont troops, guaranteed Peace Treaty at the end.

Didn’t play key role- 2000 deaths, 30 from wounds, rest cholera.
Won allies’ gratitude.

Question 5

PD: What did Austria threaten to do in December 1855?

Answer 5

Threatened to enter the war on the allies’ side but Russia immediately sued for peace.

Respect for Piedmont after Crimean War.

Question 6

When was the Congress of Paris?
What did Cavour’s attendance show?

Answer 6

1856.

Cavour’s attendance showed Piedmont’s growing diplomatic status.
Italian question main discussion at one time.
French and British grateful… ‘owed them one’.

Question 7

Overall, how did political diplomacy make Cavour the driving force up to the 1859 war?

Answer 7

Austria was now isolated diplomatically, lost its great ally Russia.

Neither Britain nor France would be sympathetic to Austria.

Piedmont’s diplomatic turning point.

Question 8

VE: When did VE11 make Cavour PM?

Answer 8

November 1852.

Question 9

VE: How was VE11 involved in getting Piedmont into the Crimean War?

Answer 9

Played a leading role in persuading Cavour to commit Piedmont.
VE11 was keen to build relations with France and this gave an opportunity.

Threatened to sack Cavour.

Question 10

VE: When and what was the Pact of Plombieres? How was VE11 involved?

Answer 10

21st July 1858.
VE11 was present and encouraged Cavour to attend.

Agreement with Napoleon for French military intervention to rid Austria from Lombardy and Venetia.
France to get Nice/Savoy for 200k troops.

Question 11

VE: When and what speech did VE11 make?
How was this significant?

Answer 11

January 1859- Cry of anguish ‘Grido di Dolore’.

After French fail at Battle of Solferino.

Inspired nationalists, provoked the 1859 war.

Question 12

Overall, how was VE11 a factor that meant Cavour wasn’t the driving force up to the 1859 war?

Answer 12

VE11 led Cavour to attending the decisive moments.

Was a symbolic role, inspired nationalists.

Question 13

PM: How much did Piedmont’s trade increase by due to Cavour?

Answer 13

300%

Question 14

PM: Who did free trade policies with Piedmont?

Answer 14

Britain, France and Belgium.

Question 15

PM: What infrastructure Cavour create in 1855?

Answer 15

“The Sicilia”.
Italy’s 1st steam ship.

Question 16

PM: How much railway did Piedmont have by the end of the 1850s?

Answer 16

819km, 1/3 of all Italy’s railway.

Question 17

PM: What railway line was built in 1854?

Answer 17

Linked French border to Milan, Turin, and Genoa.
Easier to get troops if needed.

Built by Rothschild who had links with Napoleon.

Question 18

Overall, how did the modernisation of Piedmont show Cavour was a driving force up to the 1859 war?

Answer 18

Provided him with the necessary resources for military strategies.

Question 19

N: How was Napoleon involved in the Congress of Paris?

Answer 19

Actively participated in negotiations.
He aimed to strengthened Piedmont’s position.

Question 20

N: When was the Orsini bomb plot?
How was this significant?

Answer 20

January 1858.
Bombs thrown at Napoleon and Empress on the way to opera.
8 dead, 150 injured.

Triggered desire to ‘do something for Italy’.
Started chain reaction of events leading to Pact of Plombieres.

Question 21

N: How was Napoleon involved in the Pact of Plombieres?

Answer 21

Arranged the meeting and dictated the terms.
He chose to commit French troops.

Question 22

Overall, how was Napoleon significant up to the 1859 war?

Answer 22

Played a huge role in organising the Pact of Plombieres which ultimately prepared for the 1859 war.