MOCKS: 'Cavour only had limited influence over the process of Italian unification in the years 1856-61.' How far do you agree with this statement?

Question 1

What are the 4 factors?

Answer 1

Cavour
VE11
Napoleon
Garibaldi

Question 2

When was the Congress of Paris?
How was Cavour’s attendance significant?

Answer 2

1856.

Cavour’s attendance showed Piedmont’s growing diplomatic status.

French and British grateful to Piedmont.

Question 3

In 1857, what revolts failed?
How did Cavour use this?

Answer 3

Revolts by Pisacane and Mazzini both failed.

Cavour used this to prove Mazzini was useless- persecuted Mazzini democrats and press.

Question 4

When did Cavour sack Ratazzi?

Answer 4

1857.

Question 5

How did Cavour streamline government?

Answer 5

Made himself PM, foreign minister, and finance minister.
La Marmora reformed army, and financial administrative reforms.

Question 6

How much railway did Piedmont have at the end of the 1850s?

Answer 6

819km, 1/3 of all Italy’s railway.

Question 7

Who did Cavour make trade agreements with?

Answer 7

Britain, France, and Belgium.

Question 8

When and what was the Pact of Plombieres? How did Cavour play a part?

Answer 8

21st July 1858.
Cavour negotiated with Napoleon for French military intervention in return for Nice and Savoy.

Question 9

What significant powers did VE11 retain?

Answer 9

Law by decree, army and foreign policy.

Question 10

How did VE11 play a part in the Pact of Plombieres?

Answer 10

Encouraged Cavour and was present alongside him.

Played a diplomatic role- his daughter Clotilde married Jerome Bonaparte.

Question 11

When and what was VE11’s famous speech? Impact?

Answer 11

January 1859- Cry of Anguish, Grido di Dolore.

Motivational, inspired nationalists.
Provoked the 1859 war.

Question 12

How did plebiscites show VE11 was a figurehead?

Answer 12

People voted for the annexation to the ‘constitutional monarchy of VE11’.

Question 13

VE11 had a better relationship with Garibaldi, how is this shown?

Answer 13

Garibaldi handed over the south to VE11 at Teano.

Question 14

Which 2 Frenchmen invested in Italian projects? Example?

Answer 14

Laffite and Rothschild, encouraged by Napoleon.
E.g., 1857 Mount Cenis tunnel.

Question 15

When was the Congress of Paris? How was Napoleon involved?

Answer 15

Napoleon actively participated in negotiations and aimed to strengthen Piedmont’s position.

Question 16

When was the Orsini bomb plot? How was it significant?

Answer 16

1858.
Napoleon used it as an excuse to get involved.

Question 17

When and how many troops did Napoleon provide against Austria?

Answer 17

1859

200k troops.

Question 18

Where did Napoleon play a key military role?

Answer 18

In Magenta and Solferino.

21k Austrian causalities, only 17k allied.

Question 19

How did Napoleon bring an end to the 1859 fighting?

Answer 19

Treaty of Villafranca.
BUT… left Venetia in Austrian hands.

Question 20

What did Garibaldi do in 1860?

Answer 20

Gathered a force of 1.2k volunteers and set sail with ‘The Thousand’.
Liberated Sicily from Neapolitan hands.
United the south.

Won Palermo from 20k Bourbon troops.

Question 21

Why is it argued Garibaldi was a ‘dictator of Sicily’?

Answer 21

Garibaldi wasn’t fighting for Italy, but rather leading a peasant revolt.

Question 22

How did Garibaldi’s conquest of the south affect Piedmont?

Answer 22

Left severe problems for Piedmont.
Promise of land reform and lower taxation were impossible- led to Brigands’ war.

Question 23

When did Garibaldi hand over the south to VE11?

Answer 23

22nd August 1860.