Mocks

Question 1

What is convergent evolution

Answer 1

Where species with similar niches develop similar adaptations over time, despite having different ancestors. This is due to exposure to similar selection pressures

Question 2

Analogous organs

Answer 2

Organs have the same basic structure and function but have evolved independently from different ancestral organs in unrelated species

Question 3

Ecological equivalents

Answer 3

When species with different origins, develop similar adaptation because they occupy similar niches and different geographic areas

Question 4

Divergent evolution

Answer 4

Occurs when two or more related groups develop different adaptations over time because they occupy diff niches

Question 5

Adaptive radiation

Answer 5

 When one common ancestor develops into different species

Question 6

Homologous organs

Answer 6

Diff function same structure

Question 7

Parrallel evolution

Answer 7

Similar features evolve in species with a common ancestor- due to similar selection pressures

Question 8

Co- evolution

Answer 8

The reciprocal evolutionary affect to species can have on each other when they interact. Each species provides a natural selective influence and they evolve together.

Question 9

What is speciation

Answer 9

The process in which new species are formed

Question 10

Why does speciation occur

Answer 10

When gene flow is prevented and reproductive isolating mechanisms are built up in the diff populations

Question 11

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 11

short periods of rapid chance and long periods of slow change. Usually occurs when new niches become available as a result of migration.

Question 12

Genetic drift

Answer 12

Random chance that changes gene frequency

Question 13

Speciation

Answer 13

The formation of a new species from a common ancestor

Question 14

Allopatric speciation

Answer 14

A result of geographical isolation

Question 15

Pattern of evolution

Answer 15

Different species living in a similar environment start to look similar

Question 16

Deme

Answer 16

A localised population

Question 17

Ecological isolation

Answer 17

Organisms don’t interbreed because of niche differences

Question 18

Polyploidy

Answer 18

When somatic cells have more than 2n sets of homologous chromosomes, results from mutation and cause instant speciation

Question 19

Post zygotic isolation

Answer 19

Factors that prevent a hybrid persisting as a new species.

Question 20

Pre zygotic isolation

Answer 20

Factors that prevent hybrid from being conceived

Question 21

Sympatric speciation

Answer 21

Due to isolating mechanisms other than geography- happens in the same place

Question 22

Cline

Answer 22

A gradual variation in the characteristics of a species or population over a geographical range

Question 23

Reproductive isolating mechanism

Answer 23

A barrier that prevents two organisms from differing species from mating and producing fertile offspring

Question 24

Species

Answer 24

A group of related individuals that is able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 25

Evolution

Answer 25

The accumulation of changes over time that ensure organisms are well adapted to their environment

Question 26

Gene flow

Answer 26

Refers to alleles passed between populations by migration

Question 27

Gene pool

Answer 27

Total set of genes in population

Question 28

Directional selection

Answer 28

Selects against one of the extremes

Question 29

Disruptive selection

Answer 29

Selects against the middle and favours the two extremes- leading to speciation

Question 30

Stabilising selection

Answer 30

Selects against the two extremes and favours the middle

Question 31

Instantaneous speciation

Answer 31

Type of speciation that occurs by polyploidy- resulting in a new species being formed in one generation

Question 32

Factors that cause pre zygotic isolation

Answer 32

Geographical isolation, temporal, ethnological (behaviour), ecological, structural differences and gamete incompatibility

Question 33

Discuss a likely polyploid process

Answer 33

. • Chromosome pairs are not pulled apart correctly giving diploid / multiploid gametes which may lead to a new polypl

Question 34

Comparative anatomy

Answer 34

Evidence for evolution- homologous (related) analogous (unrelated)

Question 35

Hybrid sterility

Answer 35

Produced a hybrid, set a sterile and unable to produce offspring

Question 36

Hybrid inviability

Answer 36

Reduces a hybrid capacity to mature into a healthy fit, adult, don’t survive the embryonic stages

Question 37

Hybrid breakdown

Answer 37

Reproductive failure that appears after the F2 generation, preventing the second gen from producing fertile offspring