Cell Processes Flashcards
Define Active Transport
Movement of material against a concentration gradient. This method requires energy produced during respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration without presence of oxygen
Aerobic respiration
Respiration with the presence of oxygen
Catalyst
Substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself
Chlorophyll
Green pigment found in plants. Essential for photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Structure found in plants which is the site where photosynthesis occurs
Cilia
Tiny strands or threads around the outside of unicellular organisms which helps them move
Cytoplasm
The semi liquid material inside a cell which all organelles float in
Denatured
Enzymes that have been altered by heat
Diffusion
The movement of material from a high concentration to low concentration. A method that doesn’t require any energy
Endoplasmic reticulum
Network of folded membranes with or without ribosomes, where many chemical reactions occur, or chemicals are transported
Enzymes
Proteins that acts as organic catalysts to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
Extra cellular
The word that means out of the cell
Flaccid
A cell that has lost water due to osmosis is said to be limp or flaccid
Flagella
Long hair like strands which whip back and forth to move a unicellular organism along
Golgi bodies
Organelle in the cytoplasm which modifies and packages secretions (proteins)
Cell membrane
The lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell
Mitochondria
Organelles within the cell where respiration occurs
Nucleus
The part of the cell which contains the cells genetic material and controls the cells processes
Osmosis
The diffusion or movement of water through a semi permeable membrane from a high to low concentration
Phagocytosis
The process by which some cells may flow around particles and engulf them
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants manufacture glucose from carbon dioxide and water
Plasmolysis
The process whereby cells lose water and cause the cytoplasm to shrink away from the cell wall
Respiration
The process by which living cells break down large organic molecules to release energy in the form ATP
Semi permeable membrane
A membrane which allows only some molecules to pass through, usually only smaller ones
Specific enzyme
Enzymes which control only one type of reaction
Turgid
A cell that is full of water due to osmosis (water moving into the cell)
Unicellular
An organism made up of only cell
Vacuole
A large bubble filled with watery fluid inside a cell
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Proteins
Enzymes, nails, hair etc. are all examples of these
Christie
Inner folds inside a mitochondrion which increase the surface area for the reactions during respiration
Centriole
The small structures found in animal cells which are involved in cell division
Grana
Piles of disk like structures in a chloroplast where light is trapped and used to split the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen
Cellulose wall
The tough cellulose layer around plant cells which protects and supports the cell
Lock and key model
The model by which substrates fit into the ridged active site of the enzyme
Induced fit
The model by which substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme then changes shape brings the substrates together
High surface area to volume ratio
Small cells are better at diffusing things in and out due to their ‘’ ‘’
