Cell Processes

Question 1

Define Active Transport

Answer 1

Movement of material against a concentration gradient. This method requires energy produced during respiration

Question 2

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

Respiration without presence of oxygen

Question 3

Aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Respiration with the presence of oxygen

Question 4

Catalyst

Answer 4

Substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself

Question 5

Chlorophyll

Answer 5

Green pigment found in plants. Essential for photosynthesis

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

Structure found in plants which is the site where photosynthesis occurs

Question 7

Cilia

Answer 7

Tiny strands or threads around the outside of unicellular organisms which helps them move

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

The semi liquid material inside a cell which all organelles float in

Question 9

Denatured

Answer 9

Enzymes that have been altered by heat

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

The movement of material from a high concentration to low concentration. A method that doesn’t require any energy

Question 11

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Network of folded membranes with or without ribosomes, where many chemical reactions occur, or chemicals are transported

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

Proteins that acts as organic catalysts to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 13

Extra cellular

Answer 13

The word that means out of the cell

Question 14

Flaccid

Answer 14

A cell that has lost water due to osmosis is said to be limp or flaccid

Question 15

Flagella

Answer 15

Long hair like strands which whip back and forth to move a unicellular organism along

Question 16

Golgi bodies

Answer 16

Organelle in the cytoplasm which modifies and packages secretions (proteins)

Question 17

Cell membrane

Answer 17

The lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Organelles within the cell where respiration occurs

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

The part of the cell which contains the cells genetic material and controls the cells processes

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

The diffusion or movement of water through a semi permeable membrane from a high to low concentration

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

The process by which some cells may flow around particles and engulf them

Question 22

Photosynthesis

Answer 22

The process by which green plants manufacture glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Question 23

Plasmolysis

Answer 23

The process whereby cells lose water and cause the cytoplasm to shrink away from the cell wall

Question 24

Respiration

Answer 24

The process by which living cells break down large organic molecules to release energy in the form ATP

Question 25

Semi permeable membrane

Answer 25

A membrane which allows only some molecules to pass through, usually only smaller ones

Question 26

Specific enzyme

Answer 26

Enzymes which control only one type of reaction

Question 27

Turgid

Answer 27

A cell that is full of water due to osmosis (water moving into the cell)

Question 28

Unicellular

Answer 28

An organism made up of only cell

Question 29

Vacuole

Answer 29

A large bubble filled with watery fluid inside a cell

Question 30

Ribosomes

Answer 30

Site of protein synthesis

Question 31

Proteins

Answer 31

Enzymes, nails, hair etc. are all examples of these

Question 32

Christie

Answer 32

Inner folds inside a mitochondrion which increase the surface area for the reactions during respiration

Question 33

Centriole

Answer 33

The small structures found in animal cells which are involved in cell division

Question 34

Grana

Answer 34

Piles of disk like structures in a chloroplast where light is trapped and used to split the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen

Question 35

Cellulose wall

Answer 35

The tough cellulose layer around plant cells which protects and supports the cell

Question 36

Lock and key model

Answer 36

The model by which substrates fit into the ridged active site of the enzyme

Question 37

Induced fit

Answer 37

The model by which substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme then changes shape brings the substrates together

Question 38

High surface area to volume ratio

Answer 38

Small cells are better at diffusing things in and out due to their ‘’ ‘’