Mock revision Flashcards
4
material differences that may cause social class differences in achievement.
-overcrowding at home, no room to study
-hig family income, have more money to spend on the education e.g. private tutor
4 marker
cultural differences that may cause social class differences in achievement.
-working class pupils have restricted code, don’t communicate in ways that represent the schools’ values
-middle-class parents have a more positive outlook to education, give their children more support and resources
4
two similarities between marxist and functionalist views of education
-education is a form of secondary socialisation, educates children on norms and values (funct.)
-both have structural theories, key social institution within a largr social system
4
ways schools may promote competition between pupils.
-entrance exams, creates competition to get into desired schools
-ranking pupils, emphasises individual achievement
4
globalisation impacts on educational policy
-international testing (PISA), international standards ranking
-growth of the internet has created more assessment methods, home-school policies
4
criticisms of schools selecting pupils by ability
-selection benefits the middle class, can pay for more educational support
-some pupils are late developpers, 11 plus may not reflect the pupil’s ability down the line
4
marketisation policies may produce inequality between social classes
-parental choice, middle class parents have cultural capital, make more successful choice of school
-schools can establish their own catchment area, middle class parents can afford to move to get into these areas
4
cultural factors that may effect ethnic differences in achievement
-ethnocentric curriculum, reflects only the dominant culture benefiting whte-british kids
-language, english may not be certain kids first language and so have difficulty understanding class work
4
external factors to schools that may affect social class achievement
-parental attitudes, middle class parents place more importance on educational achievement
-poor housing, no place to study leading to lower educational achievement
6 MARKERS
6
characteristics of schools that may be similar to the workplace
-hierarchy of authority that mimics the future work place
-both are based on competition, compete for grades and then for higher wages
-both are based on alienation, have little control over what they study at school, workers have little control over the production procedure
6
why government policies aiming to improve disadvantaged peoples education may not always work
-difficult to implement policies, means intervening in home life to create motivational stratagies
-priviliedged groups may take advantage of the policies, therefore exlcuding the disadvantaged groups that need the help
-may fail to carry out the policies properly, misuse the funds provided
6
three functions education system provides for society
-social solidarity, school gets a shared sense of identity through sharing culture
-secondary socialisation, socialising agencies (schools) for teaching norms surrounding behaviour
-to reproduce patriarchy, some subjects choices are gendered, leading to jobs following these stereotypes
6
reasons why some working class boys join anti-school subcultures
-status frustration, gain status through acting out instead of educational success
-don’t want to be seen as the ‘idea student’, resistance to negative labelling
-working class attitudes and values, don’t align with the schools’, feel alienated, fatalism
6
reasons for gender diffs in achievement
-feminisation of education, more female teachers are role models, girls have an advantage
-laddish subcultures, join anti-school subs which prevent them from achievement (boys)
-leisure puruits, girls have more of a bedroom culture talking with friends, better communication skills
6
ways gov policies have reduced social inequalities in achievement
-pupil premium, disadvantaged pupils are able to have more opportunities
-abolition of the tripartite system, all go to the same secondary schools instead of all middle class in grammars
-grants for higher education, easier for poorer students to go to uni
6
factors in schools that may affect gender subject choices
-peer group pressure, leads each gender to pick subjects reflecting their stereotyped gender identities
-career advices, girls are steered more to childcare courses as they seem more feminine
-gender of teachers, boys may pick a masculine lesson because they are more likely to be taught by a man
6
ways in which the education system may be patriarchal
-curriculum, there are more examples of males in subject content
-patriarchal power hierarchy, men are usually in higher up positions
-the male gaze, girls may just be seen as sexual objects
6
criticisms of marketisation policies in education
-assume league tables can measure school performance, but the data is narrow
-assume competition is desirable, may discourgae co-operation between schools in the area
-increased testing has negative effects, creates a self-fulfilling prophecy and labels
