mock revision Flashcards
abrams
- studied working class workers below the minimum wage
- often not paid for time spent at work: undercover job gave unpaid training, breaks and lunch, buying own equipment
UNETHICAL, already low working class pay is further eroded. 😡
ritzer
mcjobs
script
uniform
rigid schedule
dehumanised
unsatisfied
americanisation
elite theory
middle and upper classes have advantages in employment opportunities
Sutton Trust: ruling class elite use elite schools —> elite universities —> old boys network —> employment
in elite jobs
Working class disadvantaged in job market.
50% of elite Westminster schools Oxbridge 2007.
top 7% private schools
milburn
glass floor
15/17 supreme court judges/heads of division private
goldthorpe and lockwood
instrumental attitude. prioritising getting quick jobs for money over satisfaction. no traditional working class pride/solidarity
mac an ghail
crisis of masculinity
deindustrialisation
feminisation of workplace
fatalism alcoholism depression domestic violence
owen jones
income inequality in tax + benefits system
— poorest 10% pay 43% of their income in tax, richest 10% pay just 35%.
— 2000s policy of austerity in noughties hit the poorest hardest as local councils had their budgets cut by an average of 40%
king charles inherited 600 million paid no inheritance
garrod
— increasing zero hour contracts (pay variable week to week, sometimes no work or pay)
— no guaranteed income compared to middle class
— 2021: 3% of workforce on zero hour contract
— GIG ECONOMY: workers get paid fora “gig” rather than week’s work. Freelance work, short term contract
— no basic rights like sick/holiday pay
— estimated 1 million ppl work in gig economy e.g. deliveroo, uber
— Denise Coats CEO of Bet365 earned 14,200 times average UK salary
gig economy
1 million in gig economy
66% age 16-30
no stability, security
uber drivers, deliveroo
brinkley et al
2013: women more likely to be employed in low paid low skilled jobs than 20 years ago
jobs for 16 year olds less and less common
dominant ideology that teenagers will be in education
arber and ginn
reserve army of labour
volunteering childcare financial emotional support
exploited
only access to lower down jobs, not top jobs
gannon
double disadvantaged
declining fertility and sexual capital
don’t cater for menopause
lack of respect
resolution foundation
18-24 24% furloughed, highest
independent 2018
Milennials are economically disadvantaged
earning significantly les than predicted and not in careers they’d hoped for
half of 16-17 year olds expected to earn 35,000 by age 30 with a degree and 25,000 without
but average salary of 30 year old in 2017 was 23,700
minimum wage
under 18 £5.28
over 21 £10.42
walby
public patriarchy
glass ceiling
22% of MPs are female
davidson
concrete ceiling: barrier associated with ethnic minority women in workplace
double discrimination of sexism AND racism makes glass ceiling more impenetrable
—> ROLLOCKS 2019: black women only 0.1% of active professors, 68% white men
UK feminista
motherhood penalty
/leaky pipeline
up to 30,000 women sacked for being pregnant each year
alakson
part-time penalty
70% of sample of 1610 part time working women said they freely chose part time work to balance family commitments
BUT high cost of childcare and difficulties of finding wrap care to cope with short school day, inflexible employers and inflexible male partners force them to find part time
PART TIME PENALTY — 44% had to take jobs that were lower skilled and lower paid jobs than previously
gender pay gap
17.3%
