2b — New Right explanations for ethnic inequality

Question 1

Murray and Herrnstein on ethnic inequality

Answer 1

🔔
Some have biological 🧬 predisposition to aggressiveness, impulsiveness, and violence

—> increased likelihood of crime if not curbed by sufficient socialisation (nuclear family w strict father)

cognitive elite with high IQ more intelligent, better jobs, better at raising children

Low IQ linked with poverty, crime, family issues, welfare dependency

Immigrant IQ average is 95, lower than national average
African Americans typically earn lower IQ scores than white people

Question 2

Lawrence Mead

Answer 2

cultural inadequacy, not social barriers like systematic racism
“the seriously poor are mostly blacks and Hispanics” as they have not internalised Western norms of individualism.
“they are at a disadvantage competing with the European groups — even if they face no mistreatment on racial grounds”

COLLECTIVISM VS INDIVIDUALISM

purdah, izzat

African and Asian societies: focus on family/group, work for intrinsic rewards (respect), less social mobility. Bangladeshi women.
Western societies: individualism, work for extrinsic rewards (money), more social mobility

Question 3

Murray on ethnic inequality

Answer 3

UNDERCLASS (below class structure, extreme poverty + long term unemployment)
— lack moral values 😈 (espec marriage 💍 and family 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦)
— parents pass down deviant criminal values to children
— more likely to be single mothers 👩‍👦who dont bring up kids properly (fatalism, resignation, deviance)

Michael Gove: underclass children beyond hope. This group should be sent to manual work not education.

So, cycle of poverty handed down generations

especially with Afro-Caribbean people as they are 2x more likely to be single parent families and lack values.
Sewell

Question 4

Marshland

Answer 4

Culture of dependency
Black people 23% income related benefit
White people 16%