Mock questions and answers (Important) Flashcards
What is the first-line statin for a 77-year-old man diagnosed with unstable angina?
Atorvastatin 80mg (Because he’s agina, heart failure, NSTEMI/STEMI)
What is the mechanism of action of rifampicin?
Inhibits transcription of bacterial genes by targeting bacterial RNA polymerase.
Which drug is used to manage symptoms of acute episodes of angina?
A: Glyceryl trinitrate 400 microgram/dose sublingual spray.
What is the treatment for a 24-year-old male with cloudy penile discharge diagnosed with chlamydia?
Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days.
What is the treatment for a 26-year-old female presenting with a chancre lesion, diagnosed with syphilis?
Benzylpenicillin 2.4 million units intramuscular injection.
What structure prevents food from entering trachea ?
Epliglottis
Which layer of alimentary canal has role in mucous secretion ?
Mucosa
What organs secretes enzyme amylase ?
Salivatry glands
Which cell produces Pro enzyme pepsinogen
Chief cell
What cell produces intrinsic factor ?
Parietal cell
Which cell produces HCL apart from Parietal cells ?
G (gGastric )cells
Which vitamin does intrinsic factors help absorb ?
B12. Causes production of RBC
Pepsin breaks down which food type ?
Protein
Is food entering the stomach a drjver of the cephalic (1st phase )
NO
Treatment for Cystic fibrosis ?
Dornase alfa
Function of pancreas
Produces/secretes digestive enzymes
Produce insulin
Function of liver
Makes bile
Removal of waste products
to make clotting factors ?
follow digestion what state protien enters blood stream ?
amino acids
Longest segment of alimentary canal ?
ileum
Term to describe mixing movments that occur to chyme ?
Segmentation
How do ppi’s work ?
Block H+/k+ ATPase pump. Results in reduction in H+ ions being pumped into stomach
If bile ducts are damaged, What nutrient will be hardest to digest ?
Fats
Where is Vitamin B12 absorbed
ileum (small intestine )
List main features of GORD ? + red flag ?
Acid from stomach leaks up into oesophagus causing…
Heartburn
acid reflux
vomiting
Red flag = unexplained weight loss + Dysphagia (diff swallowing)
How is GORD, peptic ulcers, H pylori diagnosed ?
Full drug history for all
GORD = Endoscopy
Urea breath test = H pylori infeection
What a sentry drug ? give example
Antibiotics combined with another agent which allows drug to overcome bactieral resistance. Clavulanic acid sentry drug. It is combined with amoxicillin in co-amoxiclav to inhibit beta-lactamase enzymes
What do Quinolones inhibit
DNA gyase
What condition is
What is a common resistance mechanism invlving enzyme production ?
Beta lactames
Treatment for Herpes
Acyclovir
What do beta lactams do ?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis (Penecillin)
What do quinoloes do ?
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Main treatment for Complicated UTI’s ?
Ciproflaxcin
Type of drug that inhibits viral entry ?
Entry inhibitors (Maraviroc)
Type of drug that inhibits viral fusion
Viral inhibitors (Enfurviritide)
Drug for complication UTI ?
1g Ciprofloxacin
What is common resistance mechanism involving enzyme production ?
Beta lactamases
MOA for macrolides ?
Inhibit Protein synthesis by targeting 50s ribosomal subunits
MOA for Quinoloes ?
Inhibit bactieral DNA replication by targeting DNA gyrase
MOA for beta lactames ?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
MOA for tetracyclines ?
Inhibit protein synthesis by targeting 30s ribosmal subunits
