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Peer Teaching Mocks 3a To Learn > Mock 5 > Flashcards

Mock 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common presentation of varicoele?

A

Aysmptomatic

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2
Q

What is talengiectasia?

A

Dilated or broken blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes

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3
Q

Give 4 side effects of topical corticosteroids

A

Acne
Striae
Talangiectasia
Skin thinning

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4
Q

If a patient presents with severe croup or does not respond to oral dexamethasone, what should you do?

A

Give oxygen and nebulised adrenaline

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5
Q

How does acamprosate work?

A

It reduces alcohol craving by enhancing GABA transmission

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6
Q

How does disulfram work?

A

It causes a build-up of acetaldehyde on consumption of alcohol causing unpleasant symptoms such as flushing, headache and anxiety.

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7
Q

How does naltrexone work?

A

It acts as an opioid antagonist to reduce the pleasurable effect of alcohol

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8
Q

What is the only absolute contraindication of ECT?

A

Raised intracranial pressure

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9
Q

What can happen if a pt takes St Johns Wort and an SSRI?

A

Serotonin syndrome

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10
Q

How long does it take for serotonin syndrome to develop?

A

develops over 24 hours

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11
Q

How long does it take for neuroleptic malignant syndrome to develop?

A

Over days to weeks

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12
Q

What is dyspraxia?

A

A problem with a person’s motor skills

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13
Q

What are more likely to cause behavioural disinhibition, long acting or short acting benzodiazepines?

A

Short acting benzodiazepines

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A 
Mnemonic - FEVER 
Fever
Encephalopathy 
Vitals unstable 
Elevated enzymes
Rigidity of muscles
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15
Q

What can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Starting on a new antipsychotic

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16
Q

What abnormality is most likely to be seen if sodium valproate is used in pregnancy?

A

Hypospadias

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17
Q

What are the 4Ts of Primary PPH?

A

Tone
Trauma
Thrombin
Tissue

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18
Q

What is the inheritance pattern in Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant

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19
Q

What is the 1st line surgical intervention in PPH?

A

Intrauterine balloon tamponade

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20
Q

What does the POP increase the likelihood of?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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21
Q

What is the imaging investigation for ovarian cancer?

A

USS abdomen and pelvis

22
Q

What BMI is associated with increased risk of endometriosis?

A

Low BMI

23
Q

What should you do after full history and examination in the initial assessment of menorrhagia?

A

FBC to look for iron deficiency anaemia

24
Q

What can be used to treat both gonorrhoea and chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin 1g stat PO

25
Q

What is used to treat trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidozole

26
Q

What is used to treat candida?

A

Fluconazole

27
Q

What is used to treat chlaymdia AFTER positive NAAT testing?

A

Doxycycline

28
Q

What does n.gonorrhoea look like on microscopy?

A

Gram negative diplococci

29
Q

What does chlamydia trachomatis look like on microscopy?

A

Gram negative rod shapes

30
Q

What exercise can cause erectile dysfunction?

A

Cycling - the seat puts constant pressure on the perineum and this can slow blood flow and lead to ED

31
Q

What is 1st line in reducing malignant compression of the spinal cord?

A

High does dexamethasone (16mg)

32
Q

What is the definitive management of malignant compression?

A

Surgical decompression

33
Q

What investigation confirms the diagnosis of pituitary tumour?

A

CT Head

34
Q

How long does optic neuritis take to resolve?

A

Days-weeks

35
Q

Give some symptoms of optic neuritis

A

Optic disc swelling
Phosphenes
Retro-orbital Pain
Unilateral Presentation

36
Q

What does a positive dix-hallpike maneuver suggest?

A

Benign Paroxysmal positional vertigo

37
Q

What is the presentation of Brown-Sequard Sydrome?

A

Hemisection of the spinal cord causes:

  • Paralysis and loss of proprioception and vibration on the SAME SIDE of the lesion
  • Lack of pain and temperature on the OTHER SIDE of the lesion

The best analogy for this is that the afferent fibres for pain and temperature turn onto a different road early on and then run into a traffic jam. Of course pain and temperature is spared on the ipsilateral side, because they leave the road early and avoid the traffic jam, thus reaching the cortex.

38
Q

Describe features seen in benign essential tremor

A

Bilateral
Worse when stretching arms out
Better with alcohol

39
Q

What is 1st line in improving benign essential tremor?

A

Propanolol

40
Q

If a patient is still seizing after 2 doses of lorazepam/diazepam, what should you do?

A

Give IV Phenytoin

41
Q

How should aldendonic acid be taken?

A

PO, whilst standing/sitting upright for at least 30 minutes.

Before breakfast, on an empty stomach

42
Q

What should be given 1st line to all patients with symptomatic heart failure to reduce morbidity and mortality?

A

ACEi and Beta Blocker

43
Q

How often should you take alendronic acid?

A

Once weekly

44
Q

Why do people taking alendronic acid need to stay upright for 30 minutes after taking it?

A

It can cause oesophagi’s

45
Q

What is a contraindication to aspirating joints in A&E?

A

Having prosthetic joints. It should only be done by an orthopaedic surgeon in theatre due to risk of infection

46
Q

What is 1st and 2nd line in preventing gout?

A
  1. Allopurinol

2. Febuxostat

47
Q

What is the best course of action in symptomatic gallstones?

A

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

48
Q

What is the best course of action in asymptomatic gallstones?

A

Observation

49
Q

What LFT picture is seen in alcoholic liver disease?

A

↑AST +↑ALT with an AST/ALT ratio of 2:1

In patients with alcoholic liver disease, AST level is almost always elevated (usually above ALT level). The classic ratio of AST/ALT >2 is seen in about 70% of cases (A). Reversal of the ratio, ALT > AST, suggests concomitant presence of viral hepatitis or possibly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as the major cause of liver injury in alcoholic patients

50
Q

Give 3 common bacteria that cause COPD exacerbations

A

Moraxella catarrhalis
Haemophilus influenza
Streptococcus pneumonia

Peer Teaching Mocks 3a To Learn (9 decks)

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