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Peer Teaching Mocks 3a To Learn > Mock 4 > Flashcards

Mock 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 1st and second line medications in ADHD?

A
  1. Methylphenidate

2. Lisdexamfetamine

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2
Q

What is the 1st line treatment in viral induced wheeze?

A

Inhaled salbutamol via a spacer

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3
Q

What is used to diagnose Necrotising Enterocolitis?

A

Abdominal X-ray

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4
Q

What is the treatment for glue ear?

A

Usually resolves by itself (can take up to 3 months)

If treatment is required, grommets or temporary hearing aids can be given

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5
Q

Which side are inguinal hernias more common on?

A

The right side - due to patency of the processes vaginalis

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6
Q

What heart defect is William’s syndrome associated with?

A

Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis

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7
Q

What can be given after 1st line management in asthma exacerbation if the patient is not responding?

A

IV Salbutamol
IV aminophylline
IV magnesium

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8
Q

What does gram negative diplococci in CSF suggest?

A

N. meningitidis

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9
Q

Why is amoxicillin added to children under 3 months treatment for meningitis?

A

To cover for listeria

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10
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Undescended testes

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of cryptorchidism?

A
  1. Retractile
  2. Palpable
  3. Impalpable
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12
Q

What is retractile cryptorchidism?

A

the testis is not present in the scrotum but can be manipulated into the scrotum before retracting again

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13
Q

What is palpable cryptorchidism?

A

the testis can be palpated in the groin but cannot be manipulated into the scrotum

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14
Q

What is impalpable cryptorchidism?

A

no testis can be felt, and may lie in the inguinal canal, intra-abdominally, or be absent

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15
Q

What is orchidopexy?

A

Surgical placement of the testis in the scrotum

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16
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis ?

A

Type 1

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17
Q

How should adrenaline be given in anaphylaxis?

A

IM - If there is no change administer again

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants after the neonatal period ?

A

Intussusception

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19
Q

What is the investigation of choice in intussusception?

A

Abdo USS - Target sign or donut sign seen

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20
Q

Why are fluids crucial in intussusception?

A

Fluid pools in the abdomen due to obstruction - leading to shock

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21
Q

What is the treatment of choice in intussusception?

A

Air insufflation

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22
Q

What happens to reflexes in lithium toxicity?

A

They become hyper-reflexic

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23
Q

Give 4 examples of drugs that can be used as a mood stabiliser in long term bipolar?

A

Lithium
Carbamazepine
Olanzapine
Sodium valproate

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24
Q

What is more common, hypoactive or hyperactive delirium?

A

Hypoactive - but its much easier to miss

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25
Q

Give 7 causes of delirium

A 
PINCH ME 
Pain 
Infection 
Nutrition 
Constipation 
Hydration 
Medication 
Electrolytes
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26
Q

What is a GI side effect of oxybutinin?

A

Constipation

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27
Q

What are the 3 main areas of serotonin syndrome?

A

Neuromuscular hyperactivity
Autonomic dysfunction
Altered mental state

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28
Q

How long should benzodiazepines be used for (maximum)?

A

No more than 2-4 weeks due to risk of addiction and side effects such as drowsiness

29
Q

What class of drug is duloxetine?

30
Q

What are Lilliputian hallucinations?

A

This is characterised by seeing lots of small people. The name comes from Gulliver’s Travels

31
Q

What kind of hallucinations are seen in delirium tremens?

A

Lilliputian hallucinations

32
Q

What are extracampine hallucinations? What are they seen in?

A

Hallucinations outside the realm of physical possibility

Schizophrenia and other psychotic illnesses

33
Q

What are the 2 most common heart defects seen in Turner’s syndrome?

A
  1. Bicuspid aortic valve

2. Coarctation of the aorta

34
Q

Damage to which nerves causes Erb’s Palsy?

35
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Damage to C8-T1 after birth - less common than Erb’s palsy

36
Q

What is given in preterm labour before 24 weeks with a TVUS cervical length of <25mm and no previous preterm birth/trauma?

A

Vaginal progesterone - decreases activity of myometrium and prevents cervix remodelling

37
Q

What is given in preterm labour if the patient had a previous preterm birth or any cervical trauma (for example cone biopsy to take out abnormal cells or if TVUS cervical length is 25mm+?

A

Cervical cerclage - stitch in the cervix

38
Q

Give 5 features of ovarian neoplasm

A
  • Hirsutism due to testosterone secretion
  • Acute abdomen due to ovarian torsion
  • Rupture or haemorrhage
  • Thyrotoxicosis as in struma ovarii
  • Amenorrhea
39
Q

What is haematocolpos?

A

An accumulation of blood in the vagina - usually die to an imperforate hymen

40
Q

What is ovarian hyperthecosis?

A

The presence of luteinised theca call nests in the ovarian stroma - it accounts for most of the cases of hyperandrogenaemia in POSTMENOPAUSAL women

41
Q

What is the most likely cause of hyperandrogegism in postmenopausal women?

A

Ovarian hyperthecosis

42
Q

What would LH, FSH, Oestradiol and TSH look like in anorexia nervosa?

A

LH - Low
FSH - Low
Oestrodial - Low
TSH - Low

43
Q

What is the management of puerperal psychosis?

A

Hospital admission for psychiatric evaluation

44
Q

What are the radiological findings in heart failure?

A 
Alveolar oedema 
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly 
Dilated upper lobe veins 
Pleural effusion
45
Q

What are bat wing opacities?

A

Seen on CXR - representing alveolar oedema

46
Q

What do Koplik spots look like?

A

Red spots with white centres on the buccal mucosa

47
Q

What is an AUDIT score?

A

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

48
Q

What is AUDIT-C?

A

The shortened version of AUDIT. It comprises of the following 3 questions. If the patient scores more than 3, you must complete the full questionnaire.
1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?
2. How many units of alcohol do you drink on a typical day when you are drinking?
3. How often have you had 6 or more units if female, or 8 or more if male, on a single occasion in
the last year?

49
Q

How would you manage somebody who has come in with possible symptoms of alcohol withdrawal but are unsure whether it s alcohol related?

A

Assess their AUDIT score

50
Q

When is sumatriptan contraindicated?

A

Coronary artery disease

51
Q

What can be used second line in a premenopausal woman with focal seizures that is intolerant to carbamazepine?

A

Lamotragine

52
Q

What is the explanation for a large mediastinal mass on CT CAP in myasthenia gravis patients?

A 
Thymic hyperplasia (75% of pts)
Thyoma (15% of pts)
53
Q

What is the GCS score?

54
Q

What is Uhthoff’s phenomenon?

A

Heat sensitivity in MS

55
Q

What is Lhermitte’s sign?

A

A transient sensory symptom described as an electric shock radiating down the spine or into the limbs most often after flexion of the neck.

56
Q

What are the symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis?

A

Fatigue
Jaundice
Pruritis

PBC is related with other autoimmune diseases

57
Q

What antibodies are detected in primary biliary cholangitis?

A

Antimitochondrial antibodies

58
Q

What is 1st line In delirium tremens?

59
Q

What is the causative organism in syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

60
Q

What kind of bacteria is treponema pallidum?

A

Spirochaete bacterium

61
Q

What is the 1st line treatment in acute flare up in ulcerative colitis?

A

Severe: IV Steroids i.e. hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone

Moderate: Oral steroids e.g. prednisolone

62
Q

What are used to induce remission into mild disease in UC?

A

5-ASAs e.g. Mesalazine

63
Q

What does gram positive cocci in CSF suggest?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

64
Q

What is used to relieve pain in IBS?

A

Buscopan - antispasmodic medication

65
Q

What is 1st and 2nd line for prevention of migraines?

A
  1. Propanolol

2. Topiramate

66
Q

Where might patients suffering from biliary colic feel pain?

A
  1. RUQ pain in waves

2. Referred intrascapular pain

67
Q

What is charcot’s triad?

A

Characteristic of cholangitis:

  • Fever
  • RUQ pain
  • Jaundice
68
Q

What sign is seen in cholecystitis?

A

Positive Murphy’s sign

69
Q

How do you differentiate cholangitis and cholecystitis?

A

Jaundice is present in cholangitis. It is not present in cholecystitis.

Peer Teaching Mocks 3a To Learn (9 decks)

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